-
1 общее законодательство
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > общее законодательство
-
2 гражданское законодательство
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > гражданское законодательство
-
3 общий законодательство
-
4 BÓNDI
* * *(pl. bœndr, gen. bónda), m.1) husbandman, farmer, peasant (dóttir eins lítils bónda); a yeoman, franklin, landowner (hinir stœrri bœndr);2) master, head of a household (= húsbóndi);3) husband (nú er bóndi dauðr, en kona lifir eptir).* * *a, m.: older form búandi, or even bóandi, pl. búendr or bóendr; gen. búanda, bóanda; dat. buöndum, bóöndum, Edda 28, Grág. i. 370, 371. Ó. H. 203, 209–211, 215, Nj. 14, 220; búanda (gen. pl.), 211, 212, 215–217, 220; búöndum, 219; bóandi, Grág. i. 114, 157, 187, 377, Nj. 52; but the common Icel. form is bóndi, pl. bændr; gen. dat. pl. in old writers either bónda, bóndum, or as at present keeping the æ throughout all plur. cases (bænda, (gen.) bændum): properly a part. act. from búa (turned into a noun subst., cp. frændi, fjándi), A. S. buan; Germ. bauer, and therefore originally a tiller of the ground, husbandman, but it always involved the sense of ownership, and included all owners of land (or bú, q. v.). from the petty freeholder to the franklin, and esp. the class represented by the yeoman of England generally or the statesman of Westmoreland and Cumberland: hence it came to mean the master of the house, A. S. bond and hûsbond, Engl. husband.1. a husbandman. The law distinguishes between a grið-maðr a labourer, búðsetu-maðr a cottager, and a búandi or bóndi a man who has land and stock. In the Icel. Commonwealth only the b. (but neither cottager or labourer) could act as judge or neighbour who gave witness in acquittal of a culprit (cp. þingheyjandi); the griðmaðr could only partly be admitted to the tylptarkviðr, not to the búakviðr, Grág. i. 35, 114; ek ryð þessa tvá menn ór kviðburðinum fyrir þá sök, at þeir eru búðsetu-menn en eigi bændr, Nj. 236; cp. l. c. below, where the distinction between both is defined. The Norse law, on the other hand, distinguishes between hersir or lendir menn ( barons) and búandi, cp. the interesting passage Fms. vi. 279 (verðr mér þá lends manns nafn ekki at virðingu; nú vil ek heldr heita bóndi sem ek á ætt til); the Norse hauldr- or óðals-bóndi nearly answers to the Engl. ‘yeoman.’ In the more despotic Norway and Denmark, as in continental Europe, ‘bóndi’ became a word of contempt, denoting the common, low people, opp. to the king and his ‘men’ (hirð), the royal officers, etc.; just as the Engl. boor degenerated from A. S. gebur, Germ. bauer, Dutch boer; and in mod. Dan. bönder means plebs, a boor; such is the use of bóndi in the Fms., esp. Sverr. S. and Hák. S. In the Icel. Commonwealth the word has a good sense, and is often used of the foremost men—Sighvatr bóndi, Sturl. ii. 78; Rafn bóndi (i. e. Sveinbjarnarsson), Bs. i. Rafn. S. several times; Rútr talaði þá til Marðar, hugsa þú svá um bóndi (Mord Gigja), Nj. 3; optar hefir þú glaðari verit, búndi, en nú, 174 (of Flosi); Njáll bóndi, id.; Þorsteinn bóndi, Illugi bóndi, Gunnl. S. Ísl. ii; Björn bóndi, Safn i. 657; Björn bóndi Einarsson (Jórsalafari), Ann. 1393; Ari bóndi, Daði bóndi, Bs. ii. 474, 505; it is only opp. to the clerks (clergy) or knights, etc. This notion of the word ( a franklin) still prevails in the mind of Icelanders.2. a husband, A. S. hûsbond; eigi var skegglauss Þorvaldr bóandi þinn, Nj. 52, Grág. i. 371, 377, Fms. i. 149; hjá hvílu búanda þíns, Nj. 14. [The learned Icel. clergyman Eyjulf on Vellir (died A. D. 1747) has written a short essay upoii the word bóndi, Icel. MSS. Bodl. no. 71.]COMPDS:—(in mod. use always bænda- if pl., bónda- if sing.)—bónda-bani, a, m. a slayer of a bóndi, Fms. vi. 104. bónda-ból, n. (bónda-bær, m.), a farm, Grett. 96 A. bónda-dóttir, f. a bóndi’s daughter, Eg. 24, Snót 18. bónda-eiðr, m. a bundi’s oath, Gþl. 67. bónda-far, n. a bóndi’s ferry-boat, Hkr. ii. 292. bónda-fé, n. a provincial fund, Gþl. 11. bónda-fólk, n. a class of bændr, Fms. vii. 293. bónda-fylking (búanda-), f. a host of bændr, Fms. viii. 126. bónda-herr, m. an army of bændr, Fms. i. 162. bónda-hlutr. m. = bóndatíund. Fr. bónda-hus, n. a bóndi’s house, K. Þ. K. 26. bónda-hvíla, u, f. a bóndi’s bed, El. 9. bónda-kirkja (búanda-), u, f. the church belonging to the bóndi in Thingvalla, where the parliament was held; and búanda-kirkjugarðr, m. the churchyard to that church, vide Nj. and Grág. This church was erected about the middle of the 11th century, vide Kristni S., Fms. vi. 266. bónda-kona, u, f. a good wife of a bóndi, Gþl. 511. bónda-laus, adj. husband-less, widowed, Stj. 420. bónda-lega, u, f. the burial place of bændr, N. G. L. i. 368. bónda-lið, n. = bóndaherr, Fms. ii. 48. bónda-ligr, adj. farmer-like. bónda-múgr, m. a crowd, host of bændr, Fms. xi. 248. bónda-nafn, n. the name, title of bóndi, Fms. vi. 279, Gþl. 106. bónda-réttr (búanda-), m. the right of a bóndi, Fms. ix. 135. bónda-safnaðr (- samnaðr) = bóndamúgr, Hkr. ii. 307, Fms. vii. 320. bónda-skapr, m. the state of the bændr, opp. to the clergy, Bs. i. 590. bónda-son, m. the son of a bóndi, Eg. 232. bónda-tala, u, f., vera í b., to be told or counted among bændr, Fas. ii. 326. bónda-tíund, f. tithe to be paid by bændr, Vm. 104. bónda-ungi, a, m. a young bóndi, Hkr. iii. 275. bónda-val, n. the elite of bændr; var þá gott b., there were choice bændr to be found, Sturl. i. 130, Landn. 236. bónda-ætt, f. a bóndi’s extraction, Fms. vi. 278. -
5 estado
m.1 state.estado de excepción o emergencia state of emergencyestado de salud (state of) healthestado de sitio state of siegeel estado de las carreteras road conditionsestar en buen/mal estado to be in good/bad condition; (vehículo, terreno) to be fresh/off (alimento, bebida)en estado de alerta on (the) alertestar en estado (de esperanza o buena esperanza) to be expectingquedarse en estado to become pregnantestado anímico o de ánimo state of mindestado de bienestar welfare stateestado civil marital statusen estado de coma in a comaestado de cuentas statement of accounts2 state (gobierno).el estado the State3 state.estado policial police stateestado satélite satellite (state)Estados Unidos de América United States of America4 status, standing.5 condition, shape.past part.past participle of spanish verb: estar.* * *1 (situación) state, condition2 (en orden social) status3 HISTORIA estate4 PLÍTICA state\estar en buen estado to be in good conditionestar en estado to be pregnantestar en estado de funcionamiento to be in working orderestar en mal estado to be in bad conditionestado civil marital statusestado de ánimo state of mindestado de bienestar welfare stateestado de cuentas statement of accountsestado de excepción state of emergencyestado de guerra state of warestado de salud state of healthestado mayor MILITAR staffestado noble noble estateestado sólido solid state* * *noun m.1) state2) status3) condition* * *SM1) (=situación)a) [de objeto, proceso] state¿en qué estado se encuentran las relaciones entre los dos países? — what is the state of relations between the two countries?
el ordenador está en perfecto estado — the computer is working perfectly o is in perfect working order
•
estar en mal estado — [instalación] to be in (a) poor condition, be in a bad state; [alimentos] to be offel techo se encontraba en muy mal estado — the roof was in very poor condition o in a very bad state
tras comer carne en mal estado — after eating meat that was off o that had gone off
b) [de persona] conditionestado de alarma, estado de alerta — state of alert
estado de ánimo — [emocional] mood; [mental] state of mind
estado de coma — coma, state of coma
en este estado de cosas, lo mejor es convocar nuevas elecciones — given the state of affairs, the best thing to do is call another election
¿cuál es el estado de cosas ahora? — what's the state of play now?
estado de emergencia, estado de excepción — state of emergency
estado de gracia — [de creyente] state of grace; [de político, gobierno] honeymoon period; [de deportista] run of good form
estado de la red — (Inform) volume of users
estado de salud — condition, state of health
2) (Fís) state3)• en estado (=embarazada) —
•
en avanzado estado de gestación — heavily pregnant, in an advanced state of pregnancy•
estar en estado interesante — hum to be expecting, be in the family way *4) (=nación) statelos intereses del estado — national o state interests
asuntos de estado — affairs of state, state affairs
•
hombre de estado — statesmanestado asistencial, estado benefactor — welfare state
golpe 10)estado del bienestar, estado de previsión — welfare state
5) (=región) [en EE.UU., México, Brasil] state6) ( Hist) (=clase) estate7) (Mil)8) (Com, Econ) (=informe) reportestado de contabilidad — Méx balance sheet
estado de cuenta — bank statement, statement of account frm
estado de cuentas — [de una empresa] statement of account
* * *1)a) (situación, condición) stateen avanzado estado de descomposición — (frml) in an advanced state of decomposition
en estado de embriaguez — (frml) under the influence of alcohol
tomar estado público — (RPl frml) to become public (knowledge)
b) (Med) conditionen avanzado estado de gestación — (frml) in an advanced state of pregnancy (frml)
estar en estado — (euf) to be expecting (colloq)
estar en estado de buena esperanza — (euf or hum) to be expecting a happy event (euph)
quedarse en estado — (euf) to get pregnant
2) (nación, gobierno) statela seguridad del Estado — national o state security
•* * *1)a) (situación, condición) stateen avanzado estado de descomposición — (frml) in an advanced state of decomposition
en estado de embriaguez — (frml) under the influence of alcohol
tomar estado público — (RPl frml) to become public (knowledge)
b) (Med) conditionen avanzado estado de gestación — (frml) in an advanced state of pregnancy (frml)
estar en estado — (euf) to be expecting (colloq)
estar en estado de buena esperanza — (euf or hum) to be expecting a happy event (euph)
quedarse en estado — (euf) to get pregnant
2) (nación, gobierno) statela seguridad del Estado — national o state security
•* * *estado11 = state, commonwealth.Ex: WLN (Western Library Network) is composed of libraries in the states of Washington and Alaska in the United states, and is expanding to cover other states and libraries in Canada.
Ex: The article is entitled 'Academic libraries: `towards commonwealth and coalitions'.* abogado del estado, abogado de la corona = Queen's Counsel (QC).* al norte del estado = upstate.* capital del estado = nation-state capital, state capital.* Capitolio del Estado = State Capitol.* condición de estado = statehood.* controlado por el estado = state-controlled.* Denominación de Productos para las Estadísticas del Comercio Externo de la C = Nomenclature of Goods for the External Trade Statistics of the Community and Statistics of Trade between Member States (NIMEXE).* de varios estados = multi-state [multistate].* empleado del estado = state employee.* en el norte del estado = upstate.* en todo el estado = statewide [state-wide].* estado árabe = Arab state.* estado de derecho = rule of law.* estado de hecho = rule of men.* estado del bienestar = welfare state.* estado isleño = island nation.* estado laico = secular state.* estado miembro = member government, member state.* estado nacional = nation state, national state.* estado niñera = nanny state.* estado paternalista = nanny state.* estados bálticos, los = Baltic States, the.* estado soberano = sovereign state.* Estados Unidos continental = continental United States, the.* Estados Unidos de América, los (EE.UU., los) = USA, the (United States of America, the).* Estados Unidos, los = US, US, the [U.S.], United States, the.* financiado por el estado = state-supported, state-funded.* golpe de estado = coup d'etat, putsch.* Guerra entre España y los Estados Unidos, la = Spanish-American War, the.* hombre de estado = statesman [statesmen, -pl.].* intento de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.* jefe de estado = head of state, chief of state.* jefe del estado mayor = Chief of Staff.* localizado en los Estados Unidos = US-based.* nación sin estado = stateless nation.* objeto de delito contra el estado = impeachable.* papá estado = nanny state.* poder del estado = state power.* propiedad del estado = state property.* región central de los Estados Unidos, la = American midwest, the.* regulado por el estado = state-regulated.* secretario de Estado = Secretary of State.* Secretario de Estado, el = State Secretary, the.* secreto de estado = state secret.* supervisado por el estado = state-regulated.* tentativa de golpe de estado = attempted coup, coup attempt.* visita de estado = state visit.* zona de los tres estados = tristate area.estado22 = stage, state, status, condition.Ex: The first stage in the choice of access points must be the definition of an author.
Ex: Before she could respond and follow up with a question about her distraught state, Feng escaped to the women's room.Ex: AACR2 assigns this main entry status to the person who is chiefly responsible for the creation of the intellectual or artistic content of a work.Ex: He was laid upon the bed and upon examination his head was found in a terrible condition, swelled and bruised from the effect of sandbag blows.* alternar de un estado a otro = toggle.* base de datos en estado original = raw database.* buen estado físico = fitness, physical fitness.* datos en estado bruto = raw facts.* dejar a Alguien en estado = knock + Alguien + up.* el estado de las cosas = the lay of the land [the lie of the land, -UK].* en buen estado = in good condition, in good working condition, in good shape, in good nick.* en buen estado de funcionamiento = in good working condition.* en estado = pregnant, in the family way.* en estado de abandono = decaying, dilapidated.* en estado de alerta = on standby, on alert.* en estado de buena esperanza = pregnant, in the family way.* en estado de cambio = in a state of flux.* en estado de descomposición = decaying.* en estado de deterioro = decaying, dilapidated.* en estado de reserva = on standby.* en estado de sitio = in a state of siege, under siege.* en estado embrionario = embryo, embryonic, in embryonic stage, in embryo, in the embryo stage.* en excelente estado = in tip-top condition, in tip-top form.* en mal estado = in bad condition, in poor condition, in bad shape, in poor shape, in bad nick.* en perfecto estado = intact, in mint condition, in immaculate condition.* en su estado embrionario = in its embryonic stage.* en su estado natural = in the wild.* en tado de deterioro = dilapidated.* en un estado embrionario = in an embryonic stage.* estado actual = current state, present state.* estado anímico = state, mood.* estado civil = marital status.* estado de abandono = state of neglect.* estado de alerta = state of alert.* estado de amenaza terrorista = terror alert.* estado de ánimo = mood, state of mind, frame of mind, humour [humor, -USA].* estado de cambio = state of flux.* estado de confusión = state of confusion.* estado de emergencia = state of emergency.* estado de excepción = state of emergency, state of exception.* estado de inactividad = state of dormancy.* estado de la circulación = traffic conditions.* estado de la cuestión = state of the art.* estado del arte = state of the art.* estado de las artes = state of the arts.* estado de las carreteras = traffic report, road conditions.* estado del ordenador en fuera de línea = offlineness.* estado del ordenador en línea = onlineness.* estado del tiempo = weather conditions.* estado de salud = state of health.* estado de trance = state of trance.* estado de una situación = state of being.* estado de vigilia = wakefulness.* estado físico = physical condition, physical shape, physical state.* estado híbrido = hybridity.* estado incompleto = incompleteness.* estado latente = latency, state of dormancy.* estado líquido = molten state.* estado molecular = molecular state.* estado natural = natural state.* estado sólido = solid state.* estado vegetativo = vegetative state.* estado vegetativo persistente = persistent vegetative state.* estar en estado = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de buena esperanza = be up the spout, have + a bun in the oven.* estar en estado de cambio = be in flux.* estudio crítico del estado de la cuestión = review.* estudio del estado de la cuestión = survey.* física del estado sólido = solid state physics.* información en su estado primario = raw information.* informe del estado de la cuestión = state of the art report, state of the art review.* informe sobre el estado de la nación = state of the nation report.* informe sobre el estado general de las carreteras = road report.* mal estado = disrepair, state of disrepair.* mal estado de salud = poor health.* mantenerse en buen estado físico = keep + fit.* mujer en estado = pregnant woman.* perfecto estado = intactness.* poner en estado de alerta = put on + standby, put on + alert, place + Nombre + on standby.* que conserva su estado natural = unspoilt [unspoiled, -USA].* quedarse en estado = become + pregnant, be up the spout.* sin información sobre el estado anterior = stateless.* volver Algo a su estado anterior = put + Nombre + back on track.* * *A1 (situación, condición) stateel debate sobre el estado de la nación the debate on the state of the nationla casa está en buen estado the house is in good conditionlas carreteras están en muy mal estado the roads are in very poor condition o in a very bad statela carne estaba en mal estado the meat was bad o ( BrE) offen avanzado estado de descomposición ( frml); in an advanced state of decompositionen estado de embriaguez ( frml); under the influence of alcohol2 ( Med) conditionsu estado general es satisfactorio ( frml); his general condition is satisfactoryen avanzado estado de gestación ( frml); in an advanced state of pregnancy ( frml), seven ( o eight etc) months pregnantno debería fumar en su estado she shouldn't smoke in her conditionquedarse en estado ( euf); to get pregnantCompuestos:marital statusstate of alertstate of mindcomaestaba en estado de coma she was in a comabank statement, statement of account● estado de emergencia or excepciónstate of emergencystate of gracestate of warweather conditionsstate of maximum alertstate of maximum securitystate of siegefinancial statementsolid stateB1 (nación) statela seguridad del Estado national o state security2 (gobierno) stateun asunto de estado a state matterel Estado the State3 ( Hist) (estamento) estateel primer/segundo/tercer estado the first/second/third estateCompuestos:welfare statecity-statewelfare stateel estado llano the commonalty, the commons (pl)( Mil) general staffpolice statesovereign statebuffer state( Pol); rogue state* * *
Del verbo estar: ( conjugate estar)
estado es:
el participio
Multiple Entries:
estado
estar
estado sustantivo masculino
1
estado de cuenta bank statement;
estado de emergencia or excepción state of emergency;
la casa está en buen estado the house is in good conditionb) (Med) condition;◊ estar en estado (euf) to be expecting (colloq);
quedarse en estado (euf) to get pregnantc)
2 (nación, gobierno) state;◊ la seguridad del Eestado national o state security;
estado de bienestar welfare state
estar 1 ( conjugate estar) cópula
1a) ( seguido de adjetivos)◊ Estar denotes a changed condition or state as opposed to identity or nature, which is normally expressed by ser. Estar is also used when the emphasis is on the speaker's perception of things, of their appearance, taste, etc. The examples given below should be contrasted with those to be found in ser 1 cópula 1 to be;
estás más gordo you've put on weight;
estoy cansada I'm tired;
está muy simpático conmigo he's being o he's been so nice to me (recently);
¡todo está tan caro! things are o have become so expensive!b) ( con◊ bien, mal, mejor, peor): están todos bien, gracias they're all fine, thanks;
¡qué bien estás en esta foto! you look great in this photo!;
está mal que no se lo perdones it's wrong of you not to forgive him;
ver tb bien, mal, mejor, peor
2 ( hablando de estado civil) to be;
3 ( seguido de participios)
estaban abrazados they had their arms around each other;
ver tb v aux 2
4 ( seguido de preposición) to be;
(para más ejemplos ver tb la preposición o el nombre correspondiente);
¿a cómo está la uva? how much are the grapes?;
está con el sarampión she has (the) measles;
estoy de cocinera I'm doing the cooking;
estamos sin electricidad the electricity is off at the moment;
está sin pintar it hasn't been painted yet
verbo intransitivo
1 ( en un lugar) to be;◊ ¿dónde está Chiapas? where's Chiapas?;
está a 20 kilómetros de aquí it's 20 kilometers from here;
¿sabes dónde está Pedro? do you know where Pedro is?;
¿está Rodrigo? is Rodrigo in?;
solo estadoé unos días I'll only be staying a few days;
¿cuánto tiempo estadoás en Londres? how long are you going to be in London (for)?
2 ( en el tiempo):◊ ¿a qué (día) estamos? what day is it today?;
¿a cuánto estamos hoy? what's the date today?;
estamos a 28 de mayo it's May 28th (AmE) o (BrE) the 28th of May;
estamos en primavera it's spring
3a) (tener como función, cometido):
estamos para ayudarlos we're here to help them
4 (estar listo, terminado):
lo atas con un nudo y ya está you tie a knot in it and that's it o there you are;
enseguida estoy I'll be right with you
5 (Esp) ( quedar) (+ me/te/le etc) (+ compl):
la 46 te está mejor the 46 fits you better
estado v aux
1 ( con gerundio):
estoy viendo que va a ser imposible I'm beginning to see that it's going to be impossible
2 ( con participio):
ya está hecho un hombrecito he's a proper young man now;
ver tb estar cópula 3
estarse verbo pronominal ( enf) ( permanecer) to stay;◊ ¿no te puedes estado quieto? can't you stay o keep still?;
estese tranquilo don't worry
estar 2 sustantivo masculino (esp AmL) living room
estado sustantivo masculino
1 Pol state
estado de bienestar, welfare state
2 (circunstancia, situación) state, condition: este abrigo está en un estado lamentable, this coat is in a terrible state
no puedes conducir en ese estado, you can't drive in that condition
estado de ánimo/ excepción/guerra/sitio, state of mind/emergency/ war/siege
estado civil, marital status
Mil Estado Mayor, staff
♦ Locuciones: estar en estado (de buena esperanza), to be expecting
abogado del Estado, legal representative of the State
razón de Estado, reason of State
estar verbo intransitivo
1 (existir, hallarse) to be: está al norte, it is to the north
¿estarás en casa?, will you be at home?
no está en ningún lado, it isn't anywhere
estamos aquí para servirle, we are at your service
su pedido aún no está, your order isn't ready yet
2 (permanecer) to stay: estos días estoy en casa de mis padres, these days I'm staying at my parents' place
estoy en la oficina de ocho a dos, I'm at the office from eight to two
quiero que estés aquí un minuto, ahora vuelvo, stay here, I'll be right back
3 (tener una situación actual determinada: con adjetivo o participio) estaba blanco como la cera, he had turned as white as a sheet
está dormido, he's asleep
está teñida de rubio, her hair's dyed blonde
(con gerundio) está estudiando, he is studying
estaba preparando la comida, I was cooking
(con adverbio) estoy tan lejos, I'm so far away
está muy mal, (enfermo) he is very ill
4 (quedar, sentar) el jersey me está pequeño, the sweater is too small for me
5 (para indicar precio, grados, fecha) (+ a: fecha) to be: ¿a qué día estamos?, what's the date?
estamos a 1 de Julio, it is the first of July
(: precio) to be at: ¿a cómo/cuánto están las manzanas?, how much are the apples?
están a setenta pesetas el kilo, they're seventy pesetas a kilo
(: grados) en Madrid estamos a cuarenta grados, it's forty degrees in Madrid
♦ Locuciones: ¿estamos?, agreed?
estar a disposición de, to be at the disposal of
estar a la que salta, to be ready to take advantage of an opportunity
estar a las duras y a las maduras, to take the bad with the good
estar al caer, to be just round the corner
estar en baja, to be waning
estar en todo, to be on top of everything
estaría bueno, whatever next
ESTAR CON: (de acuerdo con) estoy con María, I agree with Mary
ESTAR DE: estoy de broma, I'm joking
está de camarero, he's working as a waiter
estaba de Dios que las cosas sucedieran así, it was God's will that things turned out this way, está de vacaciones, he's on holiday
me voy a marchar porque está claro que aquí estoy de más, I'm going to go because it's obvious that I'm in the way
ESTAR ENCIMA: su madre siempre está encima de él, his mother is always on top of him
ESTAR PARA: no estamos para bromas, we are in no mood for jokes
esa ropa está para planchar, these clothes are ready to be ironed
cuando estaba para salir, me llamaron, when I was just about to leave, they called me
ESTAR POR: la casa está por construir, the house has still to be built
estuve por decirle lo que pensaba, I was tempted to tell him what I thought
estoy por la igualdad de derechos, I'm for equal rights
ESTAR QUE: está que no puede con su alma, he is exhausted
familiar está que trina, he's hopping mad
ESTAR TRAS: está tras el ascenso, he is after promotion
estoy tras una blusa blanca, I'm looking for a white blouse
El uso del verbo to stay como traducción de estar en un lugar es incorrecto, a menos que quieras expresar lo contrario de irse o marcharse (no me voy a la playa, estaré en casa todo el verano, I'm not going to the beach, I'm staying at home all summer) o te refieras a alojarse: Estoy en el Palace. I'm staying at the Palace.
' estado' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abogada
- abogado
- aconfesional
- amiguete
- animada
- animado
- anímica
- anímico
- ánimo
- aparato
- atonía
- bajón
- barra
- bienestar
- BOE
- boletín
- bonanza
- bono
- bregar
- con
- condición
- coño
- dejar
- deplorable
- desocupación
- deterioro
- día
- dormitar
- estribar
- fiscal
- fragmentaria
- fragmentario
- ir
- golpe
- gravedad
- hombre
- jefa
- jefatura
- jefe
- lamentable
- licitar
- mentar
- mira
- notar
- penosa
- penoso
- permanecer
- permanencia
- primitiva
- primitivo
English:
abject
- absent
- act up
- agitation
- almost
- Attorney General
- bad
- bad-tempered
- be
- blissful
- budget
- canvass
- chancellor
- check up on
- club
- combine
- comfortable
- condition
- conscious
- consciousness
- coup
- crown
- decaying
- deliberate
- delusion
- denunciation
- disease
- disheveled
- dishevelled
- disrepair
- doldrums
- ever
- evident
- fall
- fitness
- fixture
- frame of mind
- gilt-edged
- he's
- head
- herself
- himself
- incompleteness
- intermittent
- intoxicated
- limbo
- maintain
- marital status
- marriage
- mind
* * *estado nm1. [situación, condición] state;su estado es grave his condition is serious;me lo encontré en un estado penoso I found him in a pitiful state;el estado de su cuenta arroja un saldo positivo your account is in credit;estar en buen/mal estado [vehículo, terreno, edificio] to be in good/bad condition;[alimento, bebida] to be fresh/Br off o US spoiled;la moqueta se halla en muy mal estado the carpet is in very bad condition;en estado de alerta on (the) alert;en estado de guerra at war;estar en estado (de buena esperanza) to be expecting, to be in the family way;quedarse en estado to become pregnant;estar en estado de merecer to be marriageableestado de ánimo state of mind, mood;estado de bienestar welfare state;estado civil marital status;estado de coma: [m5] en estado de coma in a coma;estado de cuentas statement of accounts;estado de emergencia state of emergency;estado de equilibrio state of equilibrium;estado estacionario [de enfermo] stable condition;estado de excepción state of emergency;estado de gracia [de santo] state of grace;estar en estado de gracia [deportista] to be on excellent form;estado de reposo: [m5] en estado de reposo at rest;estado de salud (state of) health;estado de sitio state of siege;estado vegetativo vegetative state;estado vegetativo permanente persistent vegetative state2. Fís state;un cuerpo en estado sólido/líquido/gaseoso a body in a solid/liquid/gaseous stateestado cristalino crystalline state3. [gobierno] state;temas de estado affairs of state;un hombre de estado a statesman;el Estado [el gobierno, la administración] the State;asuntos que atañen a la seguridad del Estado matters relating to state security;el Estado de las Autonomías = the organization of the Spanish state into autonomous regions with varying degrees of devolved power4. [país, división territorial] state;un estado independiente an independent state;un estado de derecho a state which is subject to the rule of lawestado policial police state;Estados Unidos (de América) United States (of America);Estados Unidos Mexicanos United Mexican StatesHist los Estados Generales the Estates General;el estado llano the third estate, the common people* * *m1 state2 MED condition;en buen/mal estado in good/bad condition3:el Estado the State* * *estado nm1) : state2) : statusestado civil: marital status3) condición: condition* * *estado n1. (en general) state2. (condición) condition -
6 bien
adv.1 well (debidamente, adecuadamente).¿cómo estás? — bien, gracias how are you? — fine, thankshacer algo bien to do something wellhas hecho bien you did the right thing¡bien hecho! well done!habla inglés bien she speaks English wellcierra bien la puerta shut the door properlyhiciste bien en decírmelo you were right to tell me¿vamos bien de gasolina? are we doing all right for petrol o (British) gas?, have we got plenty of (United States) petrol o (British) gas? (United States)2 very (muy, bastante).hoy me he levantado bien temprano I got up nice and early todayquiero un vaso de agua bien fría I'd like a nice cold glass of water3 all right, OK (vale, de acuerdo).¿nos vamos? — bien shall we go? — all right4 quite happily.ella bien que lo haría, pero no le dejan she'd be happy to do it, but they won't let herintj.1 all right, OK, it's OK, it's okay.2 well done.3 well then.4 good.m.1 good (concepto abstracto).el bien y el mal good and evilhacer el bien to do good (deeds)2 good (provecho).esto te hará bien this will do you goodpor el bien de for the sake oflo hice por tu bien I did it for your own good3 good (note).4 possession, good, article, asset.5 well-being, good, welfare.Buscamos su bien We seek his well-being.6 benefit, sake.Para su bien For his sake.* * *► adverbio1 (gen) well■ trabaja bien her work is good, she does a good job■ todo eso está muy bien, pero... that's all very well, but...2 (como es debido) properly, right■ si no pronuncias bien, no te van a entender if you don't pronounce the words properly, they won't understand you■ ¡pórtate bien! behave yourself!3 (acertadamente) right, correctly4 (con éxito) successfully5 (de acuerdo) O.K., all right■ ven mañana a las dos, --bien come tomorrow at two, --all right6 (de buena gana) willingly, gladly7 (mucho) very8 (fácilmente) easily■ bien se ve que... it is easy to see that...9 (de gusto, olor, aspecto, etc) good, nice, lovely10 (de salud) well■ ¿te encuentras bien? are you feeling all right?11 (físicamente) good-looking► adjetivo1 (acomodado) well-off1 good2 (bienestar) benefit1 property sing, possessions► conjunción bien... bien1 either... or■ se lo enviaremos bien por correo, bien por mensajero we'll send it to you either by post or by messenger\en bien de for the sake ofestarle bien algo a alguien to serve somebody righthacer bien to do goodbien que althoughtener a bien de hacer algo to be good enough to do something¡ya está bien! that's enough!bien de consumo consumer itembienes de consumo consumer goodsbien de equipo capital assetbienes de equipo capital goods, capital assetsbienes inmuebles real estate singbienes muebles movables, personal property sing* * *1. adj. 2. adv.1) well2) correctly, properly3) all right4) easily•- más bien- si bien3. interj. 4. noun m.- bienes- bienes de consumo
- bienes de equipo
- bienes raíces* * *1. ADV1) (=satisfactoriamente) wellhablas bien el español — you speak good Spanish, you speak Spanish well
bien gracias, ¿y usted? — fine thanks, and you?
¡muy bien! — very good!; [aprobando un discurso] hear, hear!
¡qué bien! — great!, excellent!
•
oler bien — to smell good•
saber bien — to taste good2) (=correctamente)¿has puesto bien la rueda? — have you put the wheel on properly?
si no cierras la tapa bien, se saldrá el líquido — if you don't screw the top on properly, the liquid will leak out
¡bien hecho! — well done!
has contestado bien — you gave the right answer, you answered correctly
•
hacer bien en, hiciste bien en decírselo — you were right to tell him, you did the right thing in telling him3)• estar bien, ¿estás bien? — are you all right?, are you OK?
¡está bien!, lo haré — O.K. o all right, I'll do it!
¡pues sí que estamos bien! — this is a fine mess we're in!
ese libro está muy bien — that book's very good, that's a very good book
que esté(s) bien — Col * bye *
¡eso no está bien! — [a un niño] that's not very nice!
¡ya está bien! — that's enough!
•
estar bien de algo, estar bien de salud — to be well, be in good health4) (=de acuerdo)¡bien! — all right!, O.K.!
-¿quieres que vayamos al cine? -bien — "shall we go to the cinema?" - "O.K. o all right"
5) (=muy)esperamos hasta bien entrada la noche — we waited until very late at night, we waited until well into the night
6)• bien de (=muchos) —
¡te han dado bien de regalos! — you got a lot of presents!
7) (=de buena gana)yo bien iría, pero... — I'd gladly go, but..., I'd be happy to go, but...
8) (=fácilmente) easilybien se ve que... — it is easy to see that...
¡bien podía habérmelo dicho! — he could have told me!
9) [locuciones]•
estar a bien con algn — to be on good terms with sb•
de bien en bien o mejor — better and better•
bien que mal — one way or another, by hook or by crook•
más bien — rathermás bien bajo — on the short side, rather short
más bien creo que... — I actually think...
•
pues bien — well•
tener a bien hacer algo — to see fit to do sthsus padres tienen a bien que se vaya a vivir con su tía — her parents have seen fit to send her to live with her aunt
le ruego tenga a bien inscribirme en la lista — please be so kind as to include me on the list, I would be grateful if you would include me on the list
•
bien es verdad que... — it is of course true that...•
¿y bien? — well?2. CONJ1)• si bien — although
si bien es cierto que... — although it's true that...
2)• no bien, ni bien Cono Sur —
no bien llegó, empezó a llover — no sooner had he arrived than it started to rain, as soon as he arrived it started to rain
3) [en alternancia]bien por avión, bien en tren — either by air or by train
bien se levantó, bien se sentó — whether he stood up or sat down
3.ADJ [persona] well-to-do; [restaurante, barrio] posh *4. SM1) (=bondad) good2) (=provecho) goodel bien común o público — the common good
3) [apelativo]•
mi bien — my dear, my darling4) pl bienes (=géneros) goods; (=propiedad) property sing, possessions; (=riqueza) riches, wealth singbienes muebles — personal property sing, goods and chattels
bienes raíces — real estate sing, realty sing (EEUU)
bienes relictos — estate sing, inheritance sing
* * *Iadjetivo invariable1) [estar] ( sano) wellno me siento or encuentro bien — I don't feel well
2) [estar] (fam) ( refiriéndose al atractivo sexual) good-looking, attractive3) [estar] (cómodo, agradable)¿vas bien ahí atrás? — are you all right in the back?
4) ( agradable) <oler/saber>5) [estar]¿está bien así, señorita? — is that all right, miss?
podríamos ir mañana, si te parece bien — we could go tomorrow, if you like
¿lo has leído? está muy bien — have you read it? it's very good
está bien! si no quieres hacerlo no lo hagas — all right o okay, then! don't do it if you don't want to
no funciona - pues qué bien! — (iró) it's not working - oh, great! (iro)
6) [estar] (correcto, adecuado) right7)a) ( suficiente)estar or andar bien de algo — to be all right for something
¿estamos bien de aceite? — are we all right for oil?
b)ya está bien de jugar, ahora a dormir — you've been playing long enough, now go to bed
8)a) (fam) ( de buena posición social) <familia/gente> well-to-doun barrio bien — a well-to-do o (BrE) posh area
b) (RPl fam) <gente/persona> ( honrado) respectable, decentII1) ( de manera satisfactoria) <dormir/funcionar/cantar> well2) ( ventajosamente) well3) ( favorablemente)4)a) (a fondo, completamente) well, properlybien cocido — well o properly cooked
¿cerraste bien? — did you lock the door properly?
bien sabes que... — you know perfectly well that...
b) (con cuidado, atención) <escuchar/mirar> carefully5) ( correctamente) wellbien hecho/dicho! — well done/said!
6) ( como intensificador)a) ( muy) very¿estás bien seguro? — are you positive?
ser bien de adentro — (Per fam) to be a good sort
b) ( fácilmente) easilybien pudo suceder — it could well o easily have happened
c) (en recriminaciones, protestas)bien podías haberlo ayudado — you could o might have helped him!
d)bien que...: bien que llama cuando necesita dinero — he soon calls when he needs money
7) (en locs)IIImás bien: es más bien delgada she's quite slim; no bien as soon as; si bien although; estar a bien con alguien to be on good terms with somebody; tener a bien hacer algo (frml): le rogamos tenga a bien abonar esta suma — we would ask you to pay this sum (frml)
a) ( como enlace)bien, sigamos adelante — right then o fine, let's continue
bien,... ¿dónde estábamos? — right,... where were we?
pues bien, como te iba diciendo... — so, as I was telling you...
b)IVbien! — ( expresando aprobación) well done!
Vpuede abonarse o bien al contado o bien en 12 cuotas mensuales — (frml) payment may be made either in cash or in twelve monthly installments
1) (Fil) good2)a) (beneficio, bienestar) goodb)hacer bien — (+ me/te/le etc)
3) ( en calificaciones escolares) grade of between 6 and 6.9 on a scale of 1-104)a) ( posesión)b) bienes masculino plural (Fin) assets (pl)•* * *Iadjetivo invariable1) [estar] ( sano) wellno me siento or encuentro bien — I don't feel well
2) [estar] (fam) ( refiriéndose al atractivo sexual) good-looking, attractive3) [estar] (cómodo, agradable)¿vas bien ahí atrás? — are you all right in the back?
4) ( agradable) <oler/saber>5) [estar]¿está bien así, señorita? — is that all right, miss?
podríamos ir mañana, si te parece bien — we could go tomorrow, if you like
¿lo has leído? está muy bien — have you read it? it's very good
está bien! si no quieres hacerlo no lo hagas — all right o okay, then! don't do it if you don't want to
no funciona - pues qué bien! — (iró) it's not working - oh, great! (iro)
6) [estar] (correcto, adecuado) right7)a) ( suficiente)estar or andar bien de algo — to be all right for something
¿estamos bien de aceite? — are we all right for oil?
b)ya está bien de jugar, ahora a dormir — you've been playing long enough, now go to bed
8)a) (fam) ( de buena posición social) <familia/gente> well-to-doun barrio bien — a well-to-do o (BrE) posh area
b) (RPl fam) <gente/persona> ( honrado) respectable, decentII1) ( de manera satisfactoria) <dormir/funcionar/cantar> well2) ( ventajosamente) well3) ( favorablemente)4)a) (a fondo, completamente) well, properlybien cocido — well o properly cooked
¿cerraste bien? — did you lock the door properly?
bien sabes que... — you know perfectly well that...
b) (con cuidado, atención) <escuchar/mirar> carefully5) ( correctamente) wellbien hecho/dicho! — well done/said!
6) ( como intensificador)a) ( muy) very¿estás bien seguro? — are you positive?
ser bien de adentro — (Per fam) to be a good sort
b) ( fácilmente) easilybien pudo suceder — it could well o easily have happened
c) (en recriminaciones, protestas)bien podías haberlo ayudado — you could o might have helped him!
d)bien que...: bien que llama cuando necesita dinero — he soon calls when he needs money
7) (en locs)IIImás bien: es más bien delgada she's quite slim; no bien as soon as; si bien although; estar a bien con alguien to be on good terms with somebody; tener a bien hacer algo (frml): le rogamos tenga a bien abonar esta suma — we would ask you to pay this sum (frml)
a) ( como enlace)bien, sigamos adelante — right then o fine, let's continue
bien,... ¿dónde estábamos? — right,... where were we?
pues bien, como te iba diciendo... — so, as I was telling you...
b)IVbien! — ( expresando aprobación) well done!
Vpuede abonarse o bien al contado o bien en 12 cuotas mensuales — (frml) payment may be made either in cash or in twelve monthly installments
1) (Fil) good2)a) (beneficio, bienestar) goodb)hacer bien — (+ me/te/le etc)
3) ( en calificaciones escolares) grade of between 6 and 6.9 on a scale of 1-104)a) ( posesión)b) bienes masculino plural (Fin) assets (pl)•* * *bien11 = fine [finer -comp., finest -sup.], neatly, tidy, jolly + Adjetivo/Adverbio, aright, alright [all right], all right [alright], good.Ex: The solution is fine when the qualifying term that the user seeks is present, and is used relatively consistently.
Ex: This arrangement is ideal for well-defined subjects which coincide neatly with the interest of the library user.Ex: This was all very tidy, but who was to judge significance?.Ex: The public library people and some others have needs that have long been unmet, but jolly well ought to be as soon as possible.Ex: Another wise precaution at this preliminary stage is to make sure that he has heard aright.Ex: The article 'The kids are alright?' presents some of the findings of the questionnaire study which had as its focus the qualitative impact of public libraries on children's reading.Ex: So the system apparently works all right and no one is suggesting that it needs a major overhaul.Ex: It is imperative for young people to learn to be empathetic, both for their own good and for the good of society as a whole.* abrigarse bien = wrap up + warm.* acoger bien = welcome.* aguantarlo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.* ahora bien = now.* bastante bien = good enough, rather well, fairly + Verbo.* bien aceptado = well-accepted.* bien acomodado = well-to-do, well-off.* bien administrado = well-managed.* bien afeitado = clean shaven.* bien andado = well trodden.* bien anunciado = well-advertised, well-announced.* bien arado = well-tilled.* bien argumentado = well-considered.* bien arreglado = well-groomed.* bien comprendido = well-understood.* bien común, el = common good, the, common wealth, the.* bien conectado = well-connected.* bien conocido = well-known, well-understood.* bien conseguido = well-rendered.* bien conservado = well-kept.* bien considerado = all things considered.* bien construido = well-built.* bien controlado = well-regulated.* bien cuidado = clean-cut, well-tended.* bien cultural = cultural product.* bien definido = well-defined, clearly defined, clearly-drawn, clean-cut, articulated, clear-cut.* bien demarcado = hard-edged.* bien de todos, el = common good, the.* bien dicho = amen to that!.* bien diferenciado = well differentiated.* bien dirigido = well-regulated.* bien documentado = well documented [well-documented].* bien dotado = well-equipped, well-endowed, well-resourced.* bien dotado de medios = well-resourced.* bien dotado de personal = well-staffed.* bien dotado de recursos = well-resourced.* bien educado = urbane.* bien encaminado = a step in the right direction.* bien ensayado = well-practised [well-practiced, -USA].* bien entrada la noche = late at night.* bien equilibrado = well balanced [well-balanced].* bien equipado = well-appointed, well-equipped, well-resourced.* bien equipado de medios = well-resourced.* bien equipado de recursos = well-resourced.* bien escrito = well-written.* bien estructurado = well thought out, well-structured [well structured].* bien expresado = well-articulated.* bien financiado = well-funded.* bien formado = shapely [shapelier -comp., shapeliest -sup.], articulated.* bien formalizado = well-formalised [well-formalized].* bien formulado = well-formulated.* bien fundado = well-justified, well-formulated.* bien fundamentado = well-founded.* bien gestionado = well-managed.* bien gobernado = well-regulated, well-governed.* bien hecho = well-made, well formed [well-formed], well-rendered, well done.* ¡bien hecho! = the way to go!.* bien iluminado = well-lit.* bien informado = well-informed, informed.* bienintencionado = well-intentioned, well meant, well-intended, well-meaning.* bien justificado = well-founded, well-formulated.* bien llevado = well-run.* bien merecido = well deserved, well deserved, well-earned.* bien mirado = all things considered.* bien... o... = either... or..., either... or....* bien ordenado = well-kept, well-ordered, in good order.* bien organizado = well-organised [well-organized], well-structured [well structured].* bien pagado = well-paid.* bien parecido = personable, good looking.* bien pensado = well thought out.* bien planeado = well-planned.* bien planificado = well-planned.* bien practicado = well-practised [well-practiced, -USA].* bien preparado = well-trained, well-prepared.* bien presentado = well-presented, well-rendered.* bien producido = well-produced, well-made.* bien proporcionado = shapely [shapelier -comp., shapeliest -sup.].* bien provisto = well-endowed.* bien provisto (de) = well-stocked (with).* bien público = public good, commonwealth.* bien recibido = welcome.* bien reconocido = well-recognised [well-recognized].* bien redondito = well-rounded.* bien remunerado = well-paid.* bien representado = well represented, well-rendered.* bien seleccionado = well-chosen, well-selected.* bien sincronizado = well-synchronised [well-synchronized, -USA].* bien surtido (de) = well-stocked (with).* bien testado = well-tested.* bien tratado = well represented.* bien uniformado = well-uniformed.* bien ventilado = airy [airier -comp., airiest -sup.].* bien vestido = well-dressed, dapper.* bien visto = welcome.* caerse bien = hit it off.* cambiar Algo para bien = turn + Nombre + into a good thing.* cambiar para bien = change for + the better.* casar bien = fit in + well.* comenzar bien = get off to + a (good/great) start, make + a good start.* comprender bien = be clear in your mind.* comprenderse bien = be well understood.* conservarse bien = keep + well.* cosas + ir bien = things + go well.* creer que estar bien = feel + right.* cuatro verdades bien dichas = home truth.* dársele Algo bien a Uno = be good at.* dársele a Uno bien las plantas = have + a green thumb, have + green fingers.* dejar bien claro = make + it + crystal clear, make + Reflexivo + crystal clear.* desempeñar bien una función = perform + well.* despedirse de Alguien deseándole que todo vaya bien = wish + well.* el bien de = the good of.* empezar a ir bien = fall into + place.* estar bien = be okay, be in good shape, be in good health.* estar bien de salud = be in good health.* estar bien encaminado = be on the right track.* estar bien pensado = be carefully thought out.* funcionar bien = be in order.* gente bien = well-to-do, well-off.* hablar muy bien de = rant and rave.* hablarse bien de Algo o Alguien = be well spoken of.* hacer Algo muy bien = do + an excellent job of, make + an excellent job of.* hacer bien = do + good.* hacerlo bien = put + matters + right, be right on track.* hacer sentir bien = make + Nombre + feel good.* hasta ahora, todo bien = so far, so good.* haz el bien y no mires a quién = cast your bread upon the waters.* impuesto de bienes inmuebles (IBI) = property tax.* ir bien = go + well, do + well, go + strong.* ir bien encaminado = be on the right track.* ir todo bien = be fine.* jugar bien + Posesivo + baza = play + Posesivo + cards right.* jugar bien + Posesivo + cartas = play + Posesivo + cards right.* llevarlo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.* llevarse bien = get along, on good terms.* llevarse bien con Alguien = get on with + Pronombre Personal.* lo que está bien y lo que está mal = rights and wrongs.* mantener los ojos bien abiertos = keep + Posesivo + eyes (wide) open, keep + Posesivo + eyes peeled, keep + Posesivo + eyes skinned.* mantenerse bien = keep + well.* marchar bien = go + strong.* más bien = if you like, instead.* más bien bajo = shortish.* más bien pequeño = smallish.* más bien todo lo contrario = quite the opposite, quite the contrary, quite the reverse.* masticar bien = chew up.* mirándolo bien = all things considered.* muy bien = nicely.* ¡muy bien! = the way to go!.* muy bien pagado = highly paid.* muy bien + podría + Verbo = might + well + Verbo.* muy bien + puede + Verbo = may well + Verbo.* muy bien remunerado = highly paid.* no caer bien = not take + kindly to.* no estar bien equilibrado = skew.* no hay mal que por bien no venga = to every cloud, there is a silver lining.* no hay mal que por bien no venga = every cloud has a silver lining, be a blessing in disguise.* no importa lo bien = no matter how well.* no muy bien informado = not-too-well-informed.* no ser bien visto = be in the doghouse.* no tomárselo bien = not take + kindly to.* pago único y bien grande = fat lump sum.* para bien = for the best, for the better.* para bien de = in the best interests of, for the good of.* para bien de Alguien = in + Posesivo + best interest.* para bien o para mal = for better or (for) worse, for good or (for) ill, for good or (for) evil.* para el bien de = for the benefit of.* para + Posesivo + propio bien = for + Posesivo + own good.* parecer bien = be all right with + Persona.* pasarlo bien = have + fun, be a great time.* pasárselo bien = have + a good time, have + a great time.* pasárselo la mar de bien = have + a whale of a time, have + a great time.* persona que duerme bien = good sleeper.* por ahora todo va bien = so far, so good.* por el bien del saber = for knowledge's sake.* puede muy bien ser = could well be.* puede muy bien ser que = it may well be that.* puede que al final sea para bien = be a blessing in disguise.* pues bien = well.* que bota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].* que no ajusta bien = ill-fitting.* que no cierra bien = leaky [leakier -comp., leakiest -sup], leaking.* que no queda bien = ill-fitting.* que rebota bien = bouncy [bouncier -comp., bounciest -sup.].* recibir bien = welcome.* recibir bien una iniciativa = welcome + initiative.* salir bien = go + well.* salir bien al final = turn out + right in the end.* salir todo bien = land on + Posesivo + (own two) feet.* seguir haciéndolo bien = keep up + the good work.* seguir trabajando bien = keep up + the good work.* sentar bien a Alguien = look + good on + Nombre.* sentirse bien = feel + good, wellness, feel + right, get + high.* sentirse bien con Uno mismo = feel + right.* ser algo bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser algo (muy) bien sabido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser por el bien de Alguien = be to + Posesivo + advantage.* estar suficientemente bien + Participio Pasado = be sufficiently well + Participio Pasado.* ser suficientemente bien + Participio Pasado = be sufficiently well + Participio Pasado.* ser un hecho bien conocido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* ser un hecho bien sabido que = it + be + a (well)-known fact that.* servir muy bien = take + Nombre + a long way.* si bien es cierto que = albeit (that).* sin bien se mira = all things considered.* sino más bien = rather.* sino (que) más bien = but rather.* todo ir bien = all + be + well with the world.* tomárselo bien = take it in + Posesivo + stride.* un trabajo bien hecho = a job well done.* usar Algo bien = put to + good use.* venir bien = be none the worse for (that), suit + best.* venir muy bien = fit + the bill.* ver bien = welcome.* * *bien1A [ ESTAR] (sano) wellmi padre no anda or no está bien my father's not very wellno me siento or encuentro bien I don't feel well¡tú no estás bien de la cabeza! you're not right in the head!estuvo enfermo pero ya está bien he was ill but he's all right nowB [ ESTAR](económicamente acomodado): los padres están muy bien her parents are well offno son ricos, pero están bien they're not rich but they're reasonably well off o they're comfortably offC [ ESTAR] ( fam) (refiriéndose al atractivo sexual) good-looking, attractiveD [ ESTAR](cómodo, agradable): estoy bien aquí I'm fine o all right here¿vas bien allí atrás? are you all right in the back?se está bien a la sombra it's nice in the shadeE (agradable) ‹oler/saber›¡qué bien huele! it smells really good!¡qué bien hueles! you smell nice!este café sabe muy bien this coffee tastes very good o niceF [ ESTAR](satisfactorio): ¿está bien así, señorita? is that right o all right, miss?estás or quedaste or saliste muy bien en esta foto you look very nice o really good in this photographese cuadro no queda bien ahí that painting doesn't look right therepodríamos ir mañana, si te parece bien we could go tomorrow, if you likela casa está muy bien the house is very nice¿lo has leído? está muy bien have you read it? it's very good¡está bien!, si no quieres hacerlo no lo hagas all right o okay, then! if you don't want to do it, don't¡qué bien, mañana es fiesta! great! tomorrow's a holiday!la lavadora no funciona — ¡pues qué bien! ( iró); the washing machine's not working — oh, great! o well, that's great! ( iro)G [ ESTAR] (correcto, adecuado) rightestá bien que se premie la iniciativa it's right o good that initiative should be rewardedestuviste bien en negarle la entrada you did o were right to refuse to let him inH1 (indicando suficiencia) estar bien DE algo:¿estamos bien de aceite? are we all right for oil?no ando bien de tiempo I'm a bit short of time, I don't have much time2ya está bien that's enoughya está bien de jugar, ahora a dormir you've been playing long enough, now go to bedI1 ( fam) (de buena posición social) ‹familia/gente› well-to-doviven en un barrio bien they live in a well-to-do o ( BrE) posh areabien2A (de manera satisfactoria) ‹dormir/funcionar/cantar› wellse come de bien allí … the food is so good there!¿cómo te va? — bien, ¿y a ti? how are things? — fine, how about you?no le fue bien en Alemania things didn't work out for her in Germanyquien bien te quiere te hará llorar you have to be cruel to be kindB (ventajosamente) wellel local está muy bien ubicado the premises are very well situatedvendió el coche muy bien she sold the car well o for a good priceC(favorablemente): me habló muy bien de ti he spoke very highly of youyo prefiero pensar bien de la gente I prefer to think well of peopleD1 (a fondo, completamente) well, properly¿cerraste bien? did you make sure the door was locked (properly)?el cerdo debe comerse bien cocido pork should be well cooked o properly cooked before being eatenbien sabes que … you know perfectly well o very well that …2 (con cuidado, atención) carefullyescucha bien lo que te voy a decir listen carefully to what I'm going to sayE (correctamente) wellpórtate bien behave yourselfhiciste bien en decírselo you did the right thing to tell him¡bien dice tu padre que eres un terco! your father's dead right when he says you're stubborn¡bien hecho/dicho! well done/said!1 (muy) verycanta bien mal he sings really o very badlyllegó bien entrada la noche she arrived very late at night¿estás bien seguro? are you positive o certain?, are you absolutely sure?bien por debajo de lo normal well below averageponte bien adelante sit close to the front, sit well forward2 (fácilmente) easilyvale bien dos millones it's worth two million easilyyo no me acuerdo pero bien pudo ser I don't remember but it could well o easily have been34bien que …: pero bien que llama cuando necesita dinero he's quick enough to call when he needs money, though¿por qué no le compras algo?, a ti bien que te gusta que te hagan regalos why don't you buy her something? you like it when people give you presentsG ( en locs):más bien: una chica más bien delgada a rather thin girlno me cae bien — di más bien que no lo puedes ver I don't like him — what you mean is you can't stand the sight of himno bien or ( RPl) ni bien. as soon asno bien llegó, le dieron la noticia no sooner had he arrived than they told him the news, as soon as he arrived they told him the newssi bien althoughestar a bien con algn to be on good terms with sbtener a bien hacer algo ( frml): le rogamos tenga a bien abonar esta suma a la mayor brevedad posible we would ask you to pay this sum as soon as possible ( frml)le ruego tenga a bien considerar mi solicitud I would be grateful if you would consider my applicationCompuesto:bien nacido, bien nacidabien31(como enlace): bien, sigamos adelante right then o fine, let's continuebien, … ¿dónde estábamos? now o right, … where were we?y bien ¿estás dispuesto a hacerlo o no? so, are you prepared to do it or not?pues bien, como te iba diciendo … so, as I was telling you …2¡bien! (expresando aprobación) well done!¡bien, muchachos! well done, boys!no habrá clases hoy — ¡bieeeen! there won't be any lessons today — yippee o hurrah!bien4puede abonarse (o) bien al contado (o) bien en 12 cuotas mensuales ( frml); payment may be made (either) in cash or in twelve monthly installmentso bien te disculpas o te quedas castigado either you say you're sorry or I'll keep you inbien5A ( Fil) goodel bien y el mal good and evilhaz bien y no mires a quién do good to all alikeun hombre de bien a good manB1 (beneficio, bienestar) goodes por tu bien it's for your own goodtrabajar por el bien de todos to work for the good of allque sea para bien I hope things go well for you/him/themacepté, no sé si para bien o para mal I accepted, though I'm not sure if it was a good move or not2sus palabras me hicieron mucho bien what he said helped me a lot o did me a lot of goodC ( apelativo) dear, darlingD (en calificaciones escolares) grade of between 6 and 6.9 on a scale of 1-10E(posesión): el único bien valioso the only item of valuela orden afecta a todos sus bienes the order applies to all his assets o possessions o goodsCompuestos:common assetbienes comunales common propertyconsumer article o itembienes de consumo consumer goodscapital item o assetbienes de equipo capital goods o assetsmpl livestock ( sing or pl)joint asset ( acquired during marriage)bienes gananciales joint property, community property ( AmE)immovable item o assetitem of unclaimed propertymovable itembienes muebles movables, personal property, goods and chattelsimmovable item o assetownerless piece of land ( o asset etc)* * *
bien 1 adjetivo invariable
1 [estar] (de salud, en general) well;
sentirse or encontrarse bien to feel well;◊ ¿cómo estás? — muy bien, gracias how are you? — (I'm) very well, thank you;
¡qué bien estás! you look really well!;
¡tú no estás bien de la cabeza! you are not right in the head
2 [estar]a) (cómodo, agradable):◊ ¿vas bien ahí atrás? are you all right in the back?;
se está bien a la sombra it's nice in the shade;
la casa está muy bien the house is very nice
◊ la fecha/el reloj está bien the date/the clock is right;
¿está bien así? is this all right?;
si te parece bien if that's all right with you;
el cuadro no queda bien ahí the picture doesn't look right there
◊ ¿estamos bien de aceite? are we all right for oil?;
ya está bien that's enough
3 [estar]
◊ ¿lo has leído? está muy bien have you read it? it's very good
4 (fam)
bien 2 adverbio
1
◊ habla muy bien inglés she speaks English very well o very good English;
¡bien hecho/dicho! well done/said!;
pórtate bien behave yourself;
hiciste bien en decírselo you were right to tell him;
siéntate bien sit properly
2
◊ bien cocido well o properly cooked;
¿cerraste bien? did you lock the door properly?;
bien sabes que … you know perfectly well that …
3
bien entrada la noche very late at night;
¿estás bien seguro? are you positive?b) ( en locs)
no bien as soon as;
si bien although
■ interjección:◊ ¡(muy) bien! well done!, (very) good!;
¡qué bien! great!
■ conjunción: bien … o … either … or …;
se puede subir bien a pie o a caballo you can go up either on foot or on horseback
bien 3 sustantivo masculino
1 (Fil) good;
hacer el bien to do good deeds;
un hombre de bien a good man
2
◊ es por mi/tu bien it's for my/your own goodb)
3 ( en calificaciones escolares) grade of between 6 and 6.9 on a scale of 1-10
4◊ bienesa) sustantivo masculino plural (Com) goods;
b) (Der) property;
bienes inmuebles or raíces real estate (AmE), property (BrE);
bienes muebles personal property, goods and chattels;
bienes públicos public property
bien
I sustantivo masculino
1 (justicia, bondad) good
no sabe diferenciar entre el bien y el mal, he can't tell the diference between good and evil
una persona de bien, a good person
2 (provecho, ventaja) lo hago por tu bien, I do it for your sake
en bien de la comunidad, for the good of community
3 (propiedad) property: no tiene ningún bien con el que avalar el crédito, he has no property or goods to guarantee his credit
bienes, goods
bienes de consumo, consumer goods pl; bienes gananciales, communal property
bienes inmuebles/raíces, real estate
II adverbio
1 (correctamente) well: hiciste bien en protestar, you were right to protest
toca bien el piano, she plays piano well
2 (sano) well, fine
sentirse/encontrarse bien, to feel well
3 (satisfactoriamente) este vestido te sienta bien, this dress suits you
oler bien, to smell nice
vivir bien, to be comfortably off
4 (antepuesto a un adjetivo: muy) very, quite
una cerveza bien fría, a nice cold beer
bien pronto, very early, very soon
(de buena gana) willingly, gladly: bien me iría ahora al cine, I'd love to go to the movies now
III conj ahora bien, now, now then
bien... o bien..., either... or...
bien que mal, one way or another
más bien, rather, a little
no bien, as soon as: no bien llegó..., no sooner had she arrived than...
pues bien, well then
o bien, or, or else
si bien, although, even though...: si bien es cierto que..., although it's quite clear that...
IV exclamación ¡bien!, good!, great!
¡está bien!, (¡de acuerdo!) fine!, all right
¡muy bien!, excellent, first class!
¡qué bien!, great!, fantastic
(desaprobación) ¡pues qué bien!, that's all I needed!
¡ya está bien!, that's (quite) enough!
V adj inv un barrio bien, a well-to-do neighbourhood
un niño bien, a rich kid
En general se traduce por well. Sin embargo, cuando hablamos de personas decimos fine al referirnos a su salud: ¿Qué tal estás? - Muy bien, gracias. How are you? - Fine, thanks. Para describir un objeto puedes usar good: Ese libro está muy bien. That book is very good.
' bien' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
abrigar
- acabar
- acero
- agarrar
- ahora
- alternar
- amarrar
- andar
- antes
- atrancar
- avenida
- avenido
- avenirse
- bailar
- barbaridad
- base
- bastante
- cabeza
- caer
- casar
- cerrarse
- columpiarse
- cómo
- comprobar
- comunicada
- comunicado
- comunitaria
- comunitario
- coña
- concesión
- considerada
- considerado
- consuelo
- contraria
- contrario
- convenir
- cumplir
- dar
- darse
- decirse
- declarar
- defenderse
- deteriorarse
- diáfana
- diáfano
- dinero
- discreta
- discreto
- disfrutar
- disputarse
English:
absence
- acquit
- agree
- airy
- all right
- along
- alternatively
- antisocial
- appreciate
- aptly
- articulate
- at
- aware
- balance
- ball
- begin
- behave
- beneath
- best
- better
- bookmobile
- boom
- border
- bouncy
- by
- card
- charity
- cheap
- clean-shaven
- clockwork
- closely
- cloud
- come in
- come off
- come out
- conform
- congenial
- convenient
- cosy
- cozy
- deserve
- do
- done
- effective
- either
- enjoy
- enunciate
- equipped
- familiar
- far
* * *♦ adj inv[respetable]una familia bien a good family;un barrio bien a good area;Pey a posh area;un restaurante bien a posh restaurant;Peyniño bien rich kid;gente bien well-to-do people♦ nm1. [concepto abstracto] good;el bien y el mal good and evil;se cree que está por encima del bien y del mal she thinks ordinary moral laws don't apply to her;hacer el bien to do good (deeds);un hombre de bien a good man2. [provecho] good;los padres desean el bien de los hijos parents desire the best for their children;esto te hará bien this will do you good;si se marcha, nos hará un bien a todos if she leaves, she'll be doing us all a favour;espero que el cambio sea para bien I hope the change is for the best, I hope the change works out well;por el bien de for the sake of;lo hice por tu bien I did it for your own good;han trabajado muy duro por el bien de todos they have worked very hard for the good of everyone3. [nota] = mark between 6 and 6.9 out of 10, ≈ pass, ≈ C♦ bienes nmpl1. [patrimonio] propertybienes de capital capital assets;bienes comunales common property;bienes fungibles perishables;bienes gananciales shared possessions;bienes inmateriales intangible assets;bienes inmuebles real estate, US real property;bienes muebles personal property;bienes públicos public property;bienes raíces real estate, landed property2. [productos] goodsbienes de consumo consumer goods;bienes de consumo duraderos consumer durables, US hard goods;bienes de equipo capital goods;bienes de producción industrial goods;bienes terrenales worldly goods♦ adv1. [debidamente, adecuadamente] well;¿cómo estás? – bien, gracias how are you? – fine, thanks;habla inglés bien she speaks English well;¡agárrate bien! hold on tight!;cierra bien la puerta shut the door properly;conoce bien el tema she knows a lot about the subject, she knows the subject well;¿vamos bien de gasolina? are we doing all right for Br petrol o US gas?, have we got plenty of Br petrol o US gas?;bien mirado [bien pensado] if you look at it closely;[bien visto] well-regarded;bien pensado on reflection;contestar bien [correctamente] to answer correctly;[cortésmente] to answer politely;escucha bien,… listen carefully,…;estar bien relacionado to have good connections;le está bien empleado he deserves it, it serves him right;hacer algo bien to do sth well;has hecho bien you did the right thing;hiciste bien en decírmelo you were right to tell me;pórtate bien be good, behave yourself;salir bien librado to get off lightly;todo salió bien everything turned out well;vivir bien [económicamente] to be well-off;[en armonía] to be happy2. [expresa opinión favorable] well;¡muy bien! very good!, excellent!;¡bien hecho! well done!;me cayó muy bien I liked her a lot;me han hablado bien de él they have spoken well of him to me;en Portugal se come muy bien the food is very good in Portugal;estar bien [de aspecto] to be nice;[de salud] to be o feel well; [de calidad] to be good; [de comodidad] to be comfortable;¡está bien! [bueno, vale] all right then!;[es suficiente] that's enough!;este traje te está bien this suit looks good on you;la tienda está bien situada the shop is well situated;está bien que te vayas, pero antes despídete it's all right for you to go, but say goodbye first;tal comportamiento no está bien visto such behaviour is frowned upon;encontrarse bien [de salud] to feel well;no se encuentra nada bien she doesn't feel at all well;oler/saber bien to smell/taste nice o good;¡qué bien huele en esta cocina! it smells nice o good in this kitchen!;opinar bien de alguien to think highly of sb;no acaba de parecerme bien I don't really think it's a very good idea;no me parece bien que no la saludes I think it's wrong of you not to say hello to her;¿te parece bien así? is it O.K. like this?, is this all right?;pasarlo bien to have a good time;¡qué bien, mañana no trabajo! great, I don't have to go to work tomorrow!;Irónico¡qué bien, ahora dice que no me puede pagar! isn't that just great, now she says she can't pay me!;salir bien to turn out well;¡qué bien sales en la foto! you look great in the photo!;sentar bien a alguien [ropa] to suit sb;[comida] to agree with sb; [comentario] to please sb;el rojo no te sienta nada bien red doesn't suit you at all;come tan rápido que no le puede sentar bien she eats so quickly she's bound to get indigestion;algunos consideran que una copita de vino sienta bien some people think a glass of wine is good for you;no le sentó nada bien que lo criticaras en público he didn't like you criticizing him in public at all, he was none too impressed by you criticizing him in public;tu ayuda va a venir muy bien your help will be very welcome;no me viene nada bien salir esta tarde it's not very convenient for me o it doesn't really suit me to go out this afternoon;bien está lo que bien acaba all's well that ends wellbien abierto wide open;abre bien la boca open wide4. [uso enfático] pretty;un regalo bien caro a pretty expensive present;vamos a llegar bien tarde we're going to be pretty late;estoy bien cansado I'm pretty tired;hoy me he levantado bien temprano I got up nice and early today;quiero un vaso de agua bien fría I'd like a nice cold glass of water5. [vale, de acuerdo] all right, O.K.;¿nos vamos? – bien shall we go? – all right6. [de buena gana, fácilmente] quite happily;ella bien que lo haría, pero no le dejan she'd be happy to do it o she'd quite happily do it, but they won't let her7. [expresa protesta]¡bien podrías haberme avisado! you could at least have told me!;¡bien podrías pagar tú esta vez! it would be nice if you paid for once o for a change!8. [en frases]bien es verdad que… it's certainly true that…;¡bien por…! three cheers for…!;¡ya está bien! that's enough!;¡ya está bien de hacer el vago! that's enough lazing around!;estar a bien con alguien to be on good terms with sb;¡pues (sí que) estamos bien! that's all we needed!;tener a bien hacer algo to be good enough to do sth;le rogamos tenga a bien pasarse por nuestras oficinas we would ask you to (be good enough to) come to our offices♦ conjbien… bien either… or;puedes venir bien por avión, bien por barco you can come by plane or by boat;dáselo bien a mi hermano, bien a mi padre give it to either my brother or my father♦ interj1. [aprobación] good!, great!;[fastidio] oh, great!;hoy saldréis al recreo media hora antes – ¡bien! break time will be half an hour earlier today – great!;se acaba de estropear la televisión – ¡bien, lo que nos faltaba! the television has just broken down – oh great, that's all we needed!2. [enlazando]y bien, ¿qué te ha parecido? well o so, what did you think of it?;y bien, ¿a qué estás esperando? well, what are you waiting for?♦ más bien loc conjrather;no estoy contento, más bien estupefacto I'm not so much happy as stunned;más bien creo que no vendrá I rather suspect she won't come, I think it unlikely that she'll comeno sooner, as soon as;no bien me había marchado cuando empezaron a… no sooner had I gone than they started…♦ si bien loc conjalthough, even though* * *I m good;por tu bien for your own good;bienes pl goods, property sg ;hombre de bien good man;estar por encima del bien y del mal be above the lawII adj:¡está bien! it’s OK!, it’s alright!;estoy bien I’m fine, I’m OK;¿estás bien aquí? are you comfortable here?;la gente bien well-to-do peopleIII adv1 well; ( muy) very;¡bien hecho! well done!;bien está lo que bien acaba all’s well that ends well2 ( correctamente) well, properly3 en locuciones:más bien rather;tener a bien hacer algo see fit to do sth;hicieron bien en reservar los billetes con tanta antelación they did the right thing booking the tickets so far ahead;haces bien en llevarte el paraguas it’s a good idea to take your umbrella;estar (a) bien con alguien be on good terms with s.o.IV conj:o bien … o … either … or …;si bien, bien que although;no bien as soon asV int:¡ya está bien! that’s it!, that’s enough!;pues bien well* * *bien adv1) : well¿dormiste bien?: did you sleep well?2) correctamente: correctly, properly, righthay que hacerlo bien: it must be done correctly3) : very, quiteel libro era bien divertido: the book was very amusing4) : easilybien puede acabarlo en un día: he can easily finish it in a day5) : willingly, readilybien lo aceptaré: I'll gladly accept it6)bien que : although7)más bien : ratherbien adj1) : well, OK, all right¿te sientes bien?: are you feeling all right?2) : pleasant, agreeablelas flores huelen bien: the flowers smell very nice3) : satisfactory4) : correct, rightbien nm1) : goodel bien y el mal: good and evil2) bienes nmpl: property, goods, possessions* * *bien1 adj (acomodado) well off / richbien2 adv1. (en general) wellel examen le fue bien the exam went well / he did well in the exam2. (de salud) well / fineayer me dolía el estómago, pero ya estoy bien I had a stomachache yesterday, but I'm fine nowestoy muy bien, gracias I'm very well, thank you¿estás bien? are you all right?¡qué bien huele! what a nice smell! / it smells really good!4. (de manera correcta) properly / correctly / right5. (para intensificar) very / quitebien caliente nice and hot / very hot6. (de acuerdo) all right / OK¿vienes? Bien are you coming? OKbien3 conj either... orse puede ir bien en tren, bien en autocar you can either go by train or by coachbien4 n1. (lo bueno) good2. (beneficio) good3. (nota académica) good / C -
7 rēs
rēs reī, f [RA-], a thing, object, matter, affair, business, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case: divinarum humanarumque rerum cognitio: te ut ulla res frangat?: relictis rebus suis omnibus: rem omnibus narrare: si res postulabit, the case: re bene gestā: scriptor rerum suarum, annalist: neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.: magna res principio statim belli, a great advantage, L.: Nil admirari prope res est una, quae, etc., the only thing, H.: rerum, facta est pulcherrima Roma, the most beautiful thing in the world, V.: fortissima rerum animalia, O.: dulcissime rerum, H.— A circumstance, condition: In' in malam rem, go to the bad, T.: mala res, a wretched condition, S.: res secundae, good-fortune, H.: prosperae res, N.: in secundissimis rebus: adversa belli res, L.: dubiae res, S.—In phrases with e or pro: E re natā melius fieri haud potuit, after what has happened, T.: pro re natā, according to circumstances: consilium pro tempore et pro re capere, as circumstances should require, Cs.: pro re pauca loquar, V.: ex re et ex tempore.—With an adj. in circumlocution: abhorrens ab re uxoriā<*> matrimony, T.: in arbitrio rei uxoriae, dowry: belhcam rem administrari, a battle: pecuaria res et rustica, cattle: liber de rebus rusticis, agriculture: res frumentaria, forage, Cs.: res iudiciaria, the administration of justice: res ludicra, play, H.: Veneris res, O.— A subject, story, events, facts, history: cui lecta potenter erit res, H.: agitur res in scaenis, H.: res populi R. perscribere, L.: res Persicae, history, N.— An actual thing, reality, verity, truth, fact: ipsam rem loqui, T.: nihil est aliud in re, in fact, L.: se ipsa res aperit, N.: quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā.— Abl adverb., in fact, in truth, really, actually: eos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt: verbo permittere, re hortari: hoc verbo ac simulatione Apronio, re verā tibi obiectum: haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur: venit, specie ut indutiae essent, re verā ad petendum veniam, L.— Effects, substance, property, possessions, estate: et re salvā et perditā, T.: talentūm rem decem, T.: res eos iampridem, fides nuper deficere coepit: in tenui re, in narrow circumstances, H.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus: privatae res.— A benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal: Quasi istic mea res minor agatur quam tua, is concerned, T.: Si in remst utrique, ut fiant, if it is a good thing for both, T.: in rem fore credens universos adpellare, useful, S.: imperat quae in rem sunt, L.: Non ex re istius, not for his good, T.: contra rem suam me venisse questus est: minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, T.: ob rem facere, advantageously, S.: haec haud ab re duxi referre, irrelevant, L.: non ab re esse, useless, L.— A cause, reason, ground, account.—In the phrase, eā re, therefore: illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.; see also quā re, quam ob rem.— An affair, matter of business, business: multa inter se communicare et de re Gallicanā: tecum mihi res est, my business is: erat res ei cum exercitu, he had to deal: cum his mihi res sit, let me attend to, Cs.: quocum tum uno rem habebam, had relations, T.— A case in law, lawsuit, cause, suit, action: utrum rem an litem dici oporteret: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, L. (old form.): capere pecunias ob rem iudicandam.— An affair, battle, campaign, military operation: res gesta virtute: ut res gesta est narrabo ordine, T.: his rebus gestis, Cs.: bene rem gerere, H.: res gestae, military achievements, H.—Of the state, in the phrase, res publica (often written respublica, res p.), the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic: dum modo calamitas a rei p. periculis seiungatur: si re p. non possis frui, stultum nolle privatā, public life: egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem p. sustinere: auguratum est, rem Romanam p. summam fore: paene victā re p.: rem p. delere.—In the phrase, e re publicā, for the good of the state, for the common weal, in the public interests: senatūs consultis bene et e re p. factis: uti e re p. fideque suā videretur. — Plur: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum p.: utiliores rebus suis publicis esse.—Without publica, the state, commonwealth, government: Unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. C.: Hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam Sistet, V.: nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse, L.: res Asiae evertere, V.: Custode rerum Caesare, H.—In the phrase, rerum potiri, to obtain the sovereignty, control the government: qui rerum potiri volunt: dum ea (civitas) rerum potita est, become supreme.—In the phrase, res novae, political change, revolution.* * *Ithing; event, business; fact; cause; propertyIIres; (20th letter of Hebrew alphabet); (transliterate as R) -
8 KVIÐR
I)(-ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.1) verdict (of neighbours); bera kvið um e-t, to give a verdict in a case; bera kvið á e-n, í móti e-m (af e-m), to give a verdict against (for, in favour of) one;2) inquest, jury; kveðja e-n kviðar, to call (a neighbour) on an inquest; ryðja kviðinn, bjóða til ruðningar um kviðinn, to challenge the jury;3) saying, word; kviðr norna, the decree of the Fates (kveld lifir maðr ekki eptir kvið norna).(-ar; pl. -ir, acc. -u), m.1) belly, abdomen;2) womb.* * *1.m., gen. kviðar, pl. kviðir, acc. pl. kviðu. [Ulf. qiss = -φημία, -λογία, as in ana-qiss = βλασφημία; þiuþi-qiss and waila-qiss = εὐλογία; missa-qiss = σχίσμα, etc.]:—prop. a saw, saying, speech, word, and hence in law a verdict given by neighbours; for the Engl. ‘verdict’ is indeed a kind of rendering of the Norse term; kviðr Norna, the word of the Norns, weird, fate, death, kveld lifir maðr ekki eptir kvið Norna, Hðm. 31; orðs-kviðr, a saw, proverb; mis-kviðr, ‘saying-amiss,’ false pleading. The old law makes a distinction between vætti ( a witness) and kviðr ( a verdict),—þar er bæði fylgir einni sök vætti ok kviðr, þá skal vætti fara fyrr fram en kviðr, Grág. i. 47: before delivering his opinion each neighbour had to take an oath,—þat er mælt, áðr kviðr sé borinn, at þeir skulu eiða vinna allir áðr at dómi, 53. The old records mention various kinds of neighbours and verdicts:1. in Norse law,α. the heimis-kviðr (heims-kviðr, heimilis-k.) or a ‘home-verdict,’ a verdict of neighbours, bearing some resemblance to the oath of compurgators; ten, or in lesser cases four or six, neighbours were to accompany the accused to the court, two of whom had to swear on the book, and the rest followed,—en þat er heims kviðr er tíu menn fylgja til móts, en sverja tveir menn á bók, en átta sanna þat, N. G. L. i. 311, cp. ii. 505; hafa með sér heimiliskviðar-vátta til þings, K. Á. 214; hann hafi heiman heimiliskviðar-vitni, 152; nema heimiliskviðar-vitni fylgi, Gþl. 193: þá skal með þessu heimiliskviðar-vitni sækja, N. G. L. 4. 140 (heimskviðar-vitni, 337); þá skal með þessu heimiliskviðjar-vitni sækja, at einn skal bera en tveir sanna um þriggja aura mál, en um sex aura mál skal einn sanna en fjórir sverja, en þeir skulu vera fylkis-menn, N. G. L. i. 140, 316; en ef eigi kemr saga hins sára fram á fyrsta þingi né heimiliskviðar-vitni, þá …, 160: similar were the ‘sandemænd’ ( soothmen) of the early Danish law; to this the old saw refers, hættr er heimiskviðr, nema sér góðan geti, perilous is the home-verdict, unless one gets a good one, Sdm. 25.β. in Icel., unless the bjargkviðr (q. v.) be identical to heimis-kviðr, this sort of verdict is seldom mentioned; eigi skal heimis-kvið annan at henda, Grág. i. 361.2. in Icel. law the tólftar-kviðr ( verdict of twelve), also called goða-kviðr ( priest verdict), Grág. i. 168, viz. a body of twelve men, of whom eleven were to be summoned by the goði of the district, and he, being the twelfth of the number, had to deliver the final verdict. The verdict of twelve was only appointed for certain cases defined in the law, K. Þ. K. 168, v. l.; nú hefir maðr tólptar-kviðar kvatt, ok skal goði nefna þriðjungs-menn sína til kviðar þess með sér, ok er honum rétt hvárz þeir eru bændr eða grið-menn, hann skal ellefu menn nefna aðra en sik, Grág. i. 57, see the whole chapter 17 in Þ. Þ., as also the Grág. passim; ella kveðja til tylptar-kviðar goða þess (þann?) er sóttr er …, en ef sjálfr er sóttr goðinn þeirri sök, þá skal kveðja samþingis-goðann tólptar-kviðar; tólptar-kviðar skal kveðja þann goða er sá er í þingi er sóttr er, Grág. i. 138; er goði er kvaddr tólptar-kviðar um þat er hann á eigi at skilja, þá …, 168, 207; nú koma menn til þings, ok málit í dóm, ok á Glúmr (in his capacity as goði) at bera tólptar-kvið, … Glúmr berr at honum kviðinn ok únýtti málit, Glúm. ch. 18: tólptar-kviðr átti um at skilja, en hvárrgi þeirra Snorra né Arnkels þótti bera mega kviðinn fyrir hleyta sakir við sækjanda ok varnar-aðilja, var þá Helgi Hofgarða-goði kvaddr tylptar-kviðar, … eptir þat bar Helgi at kviðinn, Eb. ch. 16, cp. also the passage in Lv. ch. 4, where a verdict of twelve seems to be meant.β. but the common popular verdict was the búa-kviðr or neighbour-verdict, given by five, and in some cases by nine, neighbours (see búi), who had to be summoned either at home (kveðja búa heiman) or in certain exceptional instances in the court (á þingi); the instances in the Grág. and the Sagas, esp. the Nj., are almost endless: technical phrase, bera kvið, to give the verdict, Nj. 87, Grág. i. 57, passim; as also, bera af kviðinn, or, bera á kviðinn, to give a verdict for or against, (see bera B. I); ryðja kvið or kviðu, prop. to ‘clear the verdict,’ i. e. to challenge the neighbours, Grág. i. 29; bjóða til ruðningar um kviðinn, Nj. 87, passim.γ. a special kind, egningar-kviðr, a kind of law quirk, Grág. i. 56: ironical, nú er getið um fyrir Þorkatli at honum þykkja ríkt bornir kviðirnir, Lv. 27. From the analogy of the Icel. customs, it can be inferred with certainty that along with the invasion of the Danes and Norsemen, the judgment by verdict was also transplanted to English ground, for the settlers of England were kith and kin to those of Iceland, carrying with them the same laws and customs; lastly, after the Conquest it became the law of the land. This old Scandinavian institution gradually died out in the mother countries, and came to an end in Icel. A. D. 1271–1281, with the fall of the Commonwealth, and the introduction of a Norse code of laws, whereas it was naturalised in England, which came to be the classical land of trial by jury.2.m., gen. kviðar, pl. kviðir, acc. pl. kviðu; [Ulf. qiþus = κοιλία, μήτηρ; A. S. cwið; O. H. G. quiti; Swed. qved; Gr. γαστήρ; cp. Lat. venter]:—the womb; Ulfr reist á honum kviðinn, Nj. 275; minta styrkir kvið, Lækn.: of animals, svall allr kviðrinn á hestinum, Bs. i. 345; so water reaches, upp í kvið; éta hálfan kvið, to eat half one’s fill; fara síganda kviði, to go with a sinking belly, i. e. to limp, lag behind; get ek at þeim fari héðan af síganda kviði, Grett. 151 A; hann tók hendi sinni niðr undir miðjan kviðinn, Edda 33, Fms. iv. 385.2. esp. the womb, Lat. uterus; konu er barn hefir kviknat í kviði, K. Þ. K. 134, Grág. ii. 69; þat barn er eigi arfgengt, er kvikt er í kviði áðr móðurinni sé frelsi gefit, i. 178; óx brúðar kviðr frá brjósti niðr, Bjarn. (in a verse), Fms. vi. 350–352, as also the N. T.,—þú munt getnað fá í kviði þínum, Luke i. 31; ok barnið spratt upp í hennar kviði, 41, 44; blessaðr er ávöxtr kviðar þíns, 42; áðr en hann var getinn í móður-kviði, ii. 21; allt karlkyns þat er fyrst opnaði sinnar móður kvið, 23; af móður-kviði fæddir, Matth. xix. 12, Gal. i. 15; sæll er sá kviðr er þig bar og þau brjóst er þú milktir, Luke xi. 27. -
9 -A
or -AT or -T, a negative suffix to verbs, peculiar to Iceland and a part, at least, of Norway. Occurs frequently in old Icelandic poetry and laws, so as almost to form a complete negative voice. In the 1st pers. a personal pronoun k (g) = ek is inserted before the negative suffix, in the 2nd pers. a t or tt. As a rule the pron. as thus repeated; má-k-at-ek, non possum; sé-k-at-ek, non video; hef-k-at-ek, non habeo; skal-k-at-ek; vil-k-at-ek, nolo; mon-k-at-ek, non ero, etc.: 2nd pers. skal-t-at-tu; mon-t-at-tu; gaf-t-at-tu, non dabas: and after a long vowel a tt, mátt-at-tu, sátt-at-tu; so almost invariably in all monosyllabic verbal forms; but not so in bisyllabic ones, máttir-a-þú, non poteras: yet in some instances in the 1st pers. a pronominal g is inserted, e. g. bjargi-g-a-k, verbally servem ego non ego; höggvi-g-a-k, non cædam; stöðvi-g-a-k, quin sistam; vildi-g-a-k, nolui; hafði-g-a-k, non babui; mátti-g-a-k, non potui; görði-g-a-k, non feci: if the verb has gg as final radical consonants, they change into kk, e. g. þikk-at-ek = þigg-k-at-ek, nolo accipere. In the 3rd pers. a and at or t are used indifferently, t being particularly suffixed to bisyllabic verbal flexions ending in a vowel, in order to avoid an hiatus,—skal-at or skal-a, non erit; but skolo-t, non sunto: forms with an hiatus, however, occur,—bíti-a, non mordat; renni-a, ne currat; skríði-a, id.; leti-a, ne retardet; væri-a, ne esset; urðu-a, non erant; but bíti-t, renni-t, skríði-t, urðu-t are more current forms: v. Lex. Poët. The negative suffix is almost peculiar to indic., conj., and imperat. moods; the neg. infin. hardly occurs. Nothing analogous to this form is to be found in any South-Teutonic idiom; neither do there remain any traces of its having been used in Sweden or Denmark. A single exception is the Runic verse on a stone monument in Öland, an old Danish province, now Swedish, where however the inscriptions may proceed from a Norse or Icel. hand. The Runic inscriptions run thus, sa’r aigi flo, who did not fly, old Icel. ‘flo-at,’ Baut. 1169. Neither does it occur in any Norse prose monuments (laws): but its use may yet be inferred from its occurrence in Norse poets of the 10th century, e. g. the poets Eyvind and Thiodolf; some of which instances, however, may be due to their being transmitted through Icel. oral tradition. In Bragi Gamli (9th century) it occurs twice or thrice; in the Haustlöng four times, in Ynglingatal four times, in Hákonarmál once (all Norse poems of the 10th century). In Icel. the suffixed negation was in full force through the whole of the 10th century. A slight difference in idioms, however, may be observed: Völuspá, e. g., prefers the negation by né (using vas-at only once, verse 3). In the old Hávamal the suffix abounds (being used thirty-five times), see the verses 6, 10, 11, 18, 26, 29, 30, 34, 37–39, 49, 51, 52, 68, 74, 88, 113–115, 126–128, 130, 134, 136, 147, 149, 151, 153, 159. In Skírnismál, Harbarðsljóð, Lokasenna—all these poems probably composed by the same author, and not before the 10th century—about thirty times, viz. Hbl. 3, 4, 8, 14, 26, 35, 56; Skm. 5, 18, 22; Ls. 15, 16, 18, 25, 28, 30, 36, 42, 47, 49, 56, 60, 62. Egil (born circa 900, died circa 990) abounds in the use of the suffixed neg. (he most commonly avails himself of -at, -gi, or né): so, too, does Hallfred (born circa 968, died 1008), Einar Skálaglam in Vellekla (circa 940–995), and Thorarin in the Máhlíðingavísur (composed in the year 981); and in the few epigrams relating to the introduction of Christianity in Icel. (995–1000) there occur mon-k-að-ek, tek-k-at-ek, vil-k-at-ek, hlífði-t, mon-a, es-a; cp. the Kristni S. and Njala. From this time, however, its use becomes more rare. Sighvat (born circa 995, died 1040) still makes a frequent but not exclusive use of it. Subsequent poets use it now and then as an epic form, until it disappeared almost entirely in poetry at the middle or end of the 13th century. In the Sólarljóð there is not a single instance. The verses of some of our Sagas are probably later than the Sagas themselves; the greatest part of the Völsungakviður are scarcely older than the 11th century. In all these -at and conj. eigi are used indifferently. In prose the laws continued to employ the old forms long after they were abolished in common prose. The suffixed verbal negation was used,α. in the delivering of the oath in the Icel. Courts, esp. the Fifth Court, instituted about the year 1004; and it seems to have been used through the whole of the Icel. Commonwealth (till the year 1272). The oath of the Fifth (High) Court, as preserved in the Grágás, runs in the 1st pers., hefka ek fé borit í dóm þenna til liðs mér um sök þessa, ok ek monka bjóða, hefka ek fundit, ok monka ek finna, hvárki til laga né ólaga, p. 79; and again p. 81, only different as to ek hefka, ek monka (new Ed.): 3rd pers., hefirat hann fé; borit í dóm þenna ok monat hann bjóða, ok hefirat hann fundit, ok monat hann tinna, 80, 81; cp. also 82, and Nj. l. c. ch. 145, where it is interesting to observe that the author confounds the ist and 3rd persons, a sign of decay in grammatical form.β. the Speaker (lögsögumaðr), in publicly reciting and explaining the law, and speaking in the name of the law, from the Hill of Laws (lögberg), frequently employed the old form, esp. in the legal words of command es and skal (yet seldom in plur.): erat in the dictatorial phrases, erat skyldr (skylt), non esto obligatus; erat landeigandi skyldr, Grág. (Kb.) i. 17; erat hinn skyldr, 21; yngri maðr era skyldr at fasta, 35; enda erat honum þá skylt at …, 48; erat þat sakar spell, 127; era hinn þá skyldr at lýsa, 154; erat hann framar skyldr sakráða, 216; ok erat hann skyldr at ábyrgjask þat fé, 238; ok erat hann skyldr, id.; ok erat sakar aðili ella skyldr, ii. 74; erat hinn skyldr við at taka, 142; erat manni skylt at taka búfé, 143; enda erat heimting til fjár þess, 169; era hann þá skyldr at taka við í öðru fé nema hann vili, 209; ok erat þeim skylt at tíunda fé sitt, 211; ok erat hann skyldr at gjalda tíund af því, 212; erat kirkjudrottinn þá skyldr, 228; ef hann erat landeigandi, i. 136. Skalat: skalat maðr eiga fó óborit, i. 23; skalat homum þat verða optar en um siun, 55; skalat maðr ryðja við sjálfan sik, 62; skalat hann þat svá dvelja, 68; skalat hann til véfangs ganga, 71; skalat aðilja í stefnuvætti hafa, 127; ok skala hann gjalda fyrir þat, 135; ok skalat hann með sök fara, 171; enda skalat hann fleirum baugum bœta, 199; skalat hann skilja félagit, 240; skalat hann meiri skuld eiga en, ii. 4; skalat þeim meðan á brott skipta, 5; skalat hann lögvillr verða, svá, 34; skalat hon at heldr varðveita þat fé, 59; í skalat enn sami maðr þar lengr vera, 71; ok skala honum bæta þat, 79; skalat fyl telja, 89; skalat hann banna fiskför, 123; skalat hann lóga fé því á engi veg, 158; skalat drepa þá menn, 167; skalat svá skipta manneldi, 173; skalat maðr reiðast við fjórðungi vísu, 183. Plur.: skolut menn andvitni bera ok hér á þingi, i. 68; skolut mál hans standast, 71; skolut þeir færi til vefangs ganga en, 75, etc. etc. Other instances are rare: tekrat þar fé er eigi er til (a proverb), i. 9; ok um telrat þat til sakbóta, ok of telrat þá til sakbóta ( it does not count), 178; ef hann villat ( will not) lýsa sár sitt, 51; ok ræðrat hann öðrum mönnum á hendr þann úmaga, 248; ræðrat sá sínum ómögum á hendr, ii. 18; verðrat honum at sakarspelli and verðrat honum þat at s., i. 63; verðrat honum þat at sakarvörn, 149; kömrat hann öðru við, ii. 141; þarfat hann bíða til þess, i. 70; ok skilrat hann frá aðra aura, ii. 141, i. 136. Reflexive form: kömskat hann til heimtingar um þat fé, he loses the claim to the money, ii. 180, etc. All these instances are taken from the Kb. (Ed. 1853). Remarkable is also the ambiguity in the oath of Glum (see Sir Edm. Head, Viga-Glum, pp. 102, 103, note, I. c.), who, instead of the plain common formal oath—vask-at-ek þar, vák-at-ek þar, rauðk-at-ek þar odd ok egg—said, vask at þar, vák at þar, rauðk at þar. He inverted the sense by dropping the intermediate pronominal ek between the verb and þar, and pronouncing ‒ ‒́ instead of ‒́ ⏑. It further occurs in some few proverbs: varat af vöru, sleikði um þvöru, Fs. 159; veldrat sá er varir, Nj. 61 (now commonly ekki veldr sá er v., so in Grett.); erat héra at borgnara þótt hœna beri skjöld, Fms. vii. 116; era hlums vant kvað refr, dró hörpu á ísi, 19: also in some phrases, referred to as verba ipsissima from the heathen age—erat vinum líft Ingimundar, Fs. 39; erat sjá draumr minni, Ld. 128. Thorodd employs it twice or thrice: því at ek sékk-a þess meiri þörf, because í do not see any more reason for this, Skálda 167; kannka ek til þess meiri ráð en lítil, I do not know, id.; mona ( will not) mín móna ( my mammy) við mik göra verst hjóna, 163. In sacred translations of the 12th century it occurs now and then. In the Homilies and Dialogues of Gregory the Great: monatþu í því flóði verða, thou shalt not; esa þat undarligt þótt, it is not to be wondered at; hann máttia sofna, he could not sleep; moncaþ ek banna, I shall not mind, Greg. 51, 53; vasal kall heyrt á strætum, was not, Post. 645. 84; nú mona fríðir menn hér koma, Niðrst. 623. 7. In later writers as an archaism; a few times in the Al. (MS. A. M. 519), 3, 5, 6, 44, 108; and about as many times in the MS. Eirspennill (A. M. 47, fol.) [Etymon uncertain; that at is the right form may be inferred from the assimilation in at-tu, and the anastrophe in t, though the reason for the frequent dropping of the t is still unexplained. The coincidence with the Scottish dinna, canna is quite accidental.] -
10 JARL
* * *(-s, -ar), m.1) poet. a highborn, noble man or warrior;2) earl (in dignity next to the king).* * *m., older form earl, [Hel. erl; A. S. eorl; Engl. earl]: this word had a double sense, one old and common to the Saxons as well as the earliest Scandinavians, one later and specifically Norse, which afterwards became English through the Norse and Danish invasion, and was finally established by the Norman Conquest.A. A gentle, noble man, a warrior, and collect. gentlefolk, as opp. to the churl folk or common people (karlar, búendr); thus the old poem Rígsmál distinguishes three classes, earls, churls, and thralls (jarla-ætt, karla-ætt, þræla-ætt); so also in A. S. eorl and ceorl are almost proverbially opposed; in the old Saxon poem Heliand, ‘erl’ is used about a hundred times = a man. Prof. Munch suggested that the name of the Teutonic people Eruli or Heruli simply represents an appellative ( warriors), which the Roman writers took to be a proper name. In the Scandin. countries this use of jarl is rare and obsolete, but remains in poët. phrases, in old saws, and in law phrases; oddar görva jarli megin, spears make the earl’s might, Mkv.; rudda ek sem jarlar forðum mér til landa, I won me lands like the earls of yore, Glúm, (in a verse): jarls yndi, an earl’s delight = a man’s delight, Hm. 96; jörlum öllum óðal batni, Gh. 21; hlaðit ér, earlar, eikiköstinn, 20; ítrar jarla-brúðir, ‘earl’s-brides,’ ladies, Gkv. 1. 3; alsnotrir jarlar, the gentle earls, 2; eggja ek yðr, jarlar, Am. 54; jarla einbani, ‘earl-slayer’ = ανδροκτόνος, Em., Hkm.; karl-fólk ok jarla, churlfolk and earl folk, Sighvat; eitt mein sækir hvern jarl, every earl (man) has his ill luck, Fb. ii. (in a verse): in the law, jarls jörð, an earl’s estate, is opp. to konungs jörð, a king’s estate, in the phrase, hálfan rétt skal hann taka er hann kömr á jarls jörð, en þá allan ok fullan er hann kömr á konungs jörð, Grág. (Kb.) i. 192, for this is undoubtedly the bearing of this disputed passage; jarlmaðr is opp. to búkarl, Fms. vii. (in a verse); so also karlmaðr (q. v.) in its oldest sense is opp. to jarlmaðr, = churl-man and earl-man; hirð-jarl = hirðmaðr, Fms. xi. 302, v. l.; berg-jarl, poët. a ‘crag-earl’ = a giant, Edda (in a verse); bak-jarl, a ‘back-earl,’ an enemy in one’s rear; of-jarl (q. v.), an ‘over-earl,’ an overbearing man.B. A chief, as a title, specially Norse and Danish. The Landnáma, which is almost our only source for the political and personal history of Norway before king Harald Fairhair and the settlement of Iceland, records several chiefs of the 8th and 9th centuries who bore an earl’s name as a family dignity; Ívarr Upplendinga-jarl (Upplönd, a Norse county), Asbjörn jarl Skerja-blesi, Eyvindr jarl, 317; Atli jarl Mjóvi af Gaulum (a Norse county), Þorkell Naumdæla-jarl (earl in Naumdale, a Norse county), 281; Grjótgarðr jarl í Sölva (a county), 297: and as a family title, the famous Háleygja-jarlar (the earls of the Norse county Hálogaland, whose pedigree from Odin was drawn out in the old poem Háleygja-tal; Hákon jarl Grjótgarðsson, etc.): so also the Mæra-jarlar, the earls of Mæri (a Norse county), the foremost of whom was Rögnvaldr Mæra-jarl, the forefather of the earls of the Orkneys (Orkneyja-jarlar) and the earls of Rouen (Rúðu-jarlar = the dukes of Normandy).II. along with the Danish and Norse invasion the name appears in England, Bjartmár jarl in Ireland, Landn.; Hunda-Steinarr, an earl in England, id.; see also the Saxon Chronicle passim, where the very name indicates a Danish or Norse connexion. It is very likely that many of the earls of the Landnáma were sovereign chiefs, differing from kings only in title, for in old poetry a king and an earl were addressed in the same way.III. about the time of Harald Fairhair all the petty chiefs became liegemen under one king, the earl being in dignity nearest the king, answering to comes in mid. Lat. and graf in Germ. In Scandinavia both name and office became extinct about the 13th century: in Iceland, being a commonwealth, it never took root; see however Gizur jarl (died A. D. 1268) in the Sturlunga.—For references see the Sagas passim, esp. Har. S. Harf. ch. 6.IV. in eccl. translation the Roman procurator provinciae is often rendered by jarl, e. g. Pílatus jarl, earl Pilate, Ver. 67, Pass. 20. 2.COMPDS: jarlakappi, jarlaskáld, Jarlasögur, jarlsefni, jarlsmaðr, jarlsníð, jarlsríki, jarlssæti. -
11 LEIÐ
I)(-ar, -ir), f.1) way (fara, ríða leið sína or leiðar sinnar);2) way, road (á skóginum vóru tvennar leiðir);þar er leiðir skildi, where the roads parted;3) course (on the sea);segja leið, to pilot;4) adverb. phrases:koma e-u til leiðar or á leið, to bring about;skipast á betri leið, to change to a better way;á þá leið, in this wise, thus;fram á leið, á leið fram, further, all along; afterwards, for the time to come;5) levy;leiðar at biðja, to call out a levy.f. a local assembly (in the Icelandic Commonwealth).from líða.* * *1.I. that which leads, a lode, way; ríða, fara, leið sína, Fms. vi. 176, Nj. 260, Eg. 359; or gen. leiðar sinnar, Fms. i. 10; ríða leiðar sinnar, Ísl. ii. 342; inn á leið, inwards, Eg. 81; alla leið, all along, Fb. i. 442; norðan á leið, Eg. 51.2. a way, road; var honum þar allt kunnigt fyrir, bæði um leiðir ok manna-deili, Eg. 539; á skóginum vóru tvennar leiðir … var sú leiðin skemri, 576; alþýðu-leið, the high road, 579; þar er leiðir skildi, where the roads parted, id.; þeir fara sem leiðir leggja, Fb. i. 253.3. esp. a naut. term, the course on the sea; þjóð-leið, the highway; inn-leið, the course along the shore; út-leið, djúp-leið, the outer course; segja leið, to pilot, Bs. i. 484; whence the Old Engl. lodesman = pilot.II. metaph. and adverb. phrases; koma e-u til leiðar, to bring about, Nj. 119, 250, Fms. vi. 300; koma e-u á leið, id., i. 51; snúa til leiðar, id., vi. 122, vii. 136; skipask á betri leið, to change to a better way, Eg. 416; á þá leið, thus, Fms. iv. 252; hverja leið sem, howsoever, Stj. 595: fram á leið, or á leið fram, further, all along; barnit æpði sem áðr á leið fram, Bs. i. 342, Orkn. 316, Sks. 301: afterwards, for the time to come (fram-leiðis), Grág. i. 322, Sks. 480: um leið, by the way; um leið og eg kom, mod.: þegar leið sem, adverb. as soon as, Stj. 94; þegar leið sem hann var fæddr, 101, 267; þegar um leið, at once, Barl. 157; þá leið, thus, Hom. 120: in the same manner, sömu leið, likewise, Grág. ii. 134, Stj. 123; aðra leið, otherwise.COMPDS: leiðarlengd, leiðarlýsing, leiðarsteinn, leiðarstjarna, leiðarsund, leiðarvísan, leiðarvísir, leiðarvíti.2.f. [different from the preceding, and akin to if not derived from the A. S. Lîða, the name of a double month, June and July, (ærra and æftera Lîða); it remains in the Engl. Leet = the law court of the hundred]:—the Leet, a meeting which in the Icel. Commonwealth was held shortly after midsummer, fourteen nights after the dissolution of the Althing; the Leet was the third and last public meeting (Vár-þing, Alþingi, Leið); at the Leet the new laws and licences of the past Althing were published, as also the calendar of the current year, etc. At the time of the Grágás, 12th and 13th centuries, the Leet was held where the vár-þing or fjórðungs-þing used to be held, and lasted a day or two (tveggja nátta Leið, Nj. 168, Fs. 75), and was held in common by all the three goðar of the quarter (sam-leið). But in the Saga time (10th century) the Leets appear to have been a kind of county assemblies; this may be inferred from the records of the Sagas, as also from local names indicating small county ‘Leets,’ different from the sam-leið of the Grágás. For the Grágás, see esp. Þingsk. Þ. Kb. ch. 61 (p. 111 Ed. 1853). For the Sagas, Glúm. ch. 25, Lv. ch. 2, 3; líðr nú á sumarit, ríðr hann til Leiðar ok helgar hana, Band. 9, 10, Þorst. Síðu H. ch. 3, Ld. ch. 6l, Sturl. iii. 169; the manna-mót, Heiðarv. S. ch. 17, also refers to a Leet; á leiðum ok lögmötum, Fs. 43; tveggja nátta leið, 75; leið-mót, Nj. 168, Fs. 75, Lv. 8. Special Leets named, Vöðla-leið, Hegranes-leið, Rd. 292; Ljósvetninga-leið, Nj. 184, Lv. 7, Rd. 292; Eyfirðinga-leið, Reykdæla-leið, Lv. 7 (Þverár-leið, v. l.); Þverár-leið in south-western Icel., Sturl. iii. 169.II. local names, Leið-völlr, Leet-field, Harð. S. ch. 31; Leið-hólmr, Korm. ch. 9, where also hólmganga was held. ☞ After the union with Norway the Icel. Leet remained (see the Jb.), and was held at intervals down to the 17th century, see Pál Vídal. Skýr. s. v. leið, pp. 326, 327.COMPDS: Leiðardagr, Leiðarmál, Leiðarmorgunn, Leiðarskeið, Leiðarvöllr. -
12 общее благо
1) General subject: commonwealth, the public (general) weal2) Military: general welfare3) Law: public welfare4) Diplomatic term: (все) general welfare5) Business: common good6) leg.N.P. common weal, commonweal, public good7) Makarov: general weal, public weal, the general weal, the public weal -
13 res
rēs, rei (rēi with e long; gen., Lucr. 2, 112; 548; 6, 918; dat., id. 1, 688; 2, 236; rei, gen., monosyl. at the end of the verse, Lucr. 3, 918;I.and in the middle of the verse,
id. 4, 885, and Poët. ap. Lact. 6, 6), f. [ etym. dub.; perh. root ra- of reor, ratus; cf. Germ. Ding; Engl. thing, from denken, to think; prop., that which is thought of; cf. also logos, Lid. and Scott, 9], a thing, object, being; a matter, affair, event, fact, circumstance, occurrence, deed, condition, case, etc.; and sometimes merely = something (cf.: causa, ratio, negotium).In gen.:B.unde initum primum capiat res quaeque movendi,
Lucr. 1, 383; cf. id. 1, 536:in partes res quaeque minutas Distrahitur,
id. 2, 826: summe Sol, qui omnes res inspicis, Enn. ap. Prob. Verg. E. 6, 31 (Trag. v. 321 Vahl.):versus, quos ego de Rerum Naturā pangere conor,
Lucr. 1, 25; cf. id. 1, 126; 5, 54:rerum natura creatrix,
id. 2, 1117:divinarum humanarumque rerum, tum initiorum causarumque cujusque rei cognitio,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 3, 7 (v. divinus):haeret haec res,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 182:profecto, ut loquor, ita res est,
id. ib. 2, 1, 19:haud mentior, resque uti facta dico,
id. ib. 2, 1, 23:de Alcumenā ut rem teneatis rectius,
id. ib. prol. 110:in tantis rebus (sc. in re publicā defendendā),
Cic. Rep. 1, 3, 4 et saep.:quo Averna vocantur nomine, id ab re Impositum est, quia sunt avibus contraria cunctis,
from the nature of the thing, Lucr. 6, 740; cf. id. 6, 424; Liv. 1, 17:si res postulabit,
the condition of the case, Cic. Lael. 13, 44: scaena rei totius haec, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 11, 3:fugam in se nemo convertitur Nec recedit loco, quin statim rem gerat,
does his duty, stands his ground, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 84; so, res gerere, v. gero; hence, too, rerum scriptor, for a historian, v. scriptor, and cf. II. H. infra.—With adj. of quality, to express condition, etc.:C.illic homo a me sibi malam rem arcessit,
is bringing a bad business on himself, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 171; so,res mala,
a wretched condition, Sall. C. 20, 13; and more freq. in plur.:bonis tuis rebus meas res irrides malas,
circumstances, condition, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 45; id. Rud. 3, 3, 12:res secundae,
good fortune, Hor. Ep. 1, 10, 30; cf. Liv. 3, 9:res prosperae,
Nep. Dion, 6, 1; id. Eum. 5, 1:in secundissimis rebus,
Cic. Off. 1, 26, 91:adversae res,
id. ib. 1, 26, 90; Hor. S. 2, 2, 136; 2, 8, 73:res belli adversae,
Liv. 10, 6:res dubiae,
Sall. C. 10, 2; 39, 3; Liv. 2, 50; 7, 30;v. bonus, florens, salvus, adversus, dubius, novus, arduus, etc.— Freq. in curses, etc.: in malam rem,
go to the bad, Ter. Phorm. 5, 7, 37; id. And. 2, 1, 17:malam rem hinc ibis?
id. Eun. 3, 3, 30.—With an adj. in a periphrasis:D.abhorrens ab re uxoriā,
matrimony, Ter. And. 5, 1, 10:in arbitrio rei uxoriae,
dowry, Cic. Off. 1, 15, 61:rem divinam nisi compitalibus... ne faciat,
a religious act, act of worship, a sacrifice, Cato, R. R. 5, 4:bellicam rem administrari majores nostri nisi auspicato noluerunt,
Cic. Div. 2, 36, 76; Hor. C. 4, 3, 6:erat ei pecuaria res ampla et rustica,
Cic. Quint. 3, 12: res rustica, agriculture:rei rusticae libro primo,
Col. 11, 1, 2; id. 1, praef. §19: liber, quem de rebus rusticis scripsi,
Cic. Sen. 15, 54:navalis rei certamina,
naval battles, Amm. 26, 3, 5:res militaris,
Cic. Rab. Post. 1, 2:rei militaris gloria,
id. Mur. 9, 22; Nep. Milt. 8, 4:res frumentaria,
forage, Caes. B. C. 3, 16; id. B. G. 1, 23; 4, 7:armatae rei scientissimus,
Amm. 25, 4, 7:peritus aquariae rei,
id. 28, 2, 2:res judicaria,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 12, § 31:res ludicra,
play, Hor. Ep. 2, 1, 180:uti rebus veneriis,
Cic. Sen. 14, 47; Nep. Alc. 11, 4:res Veneris,
Lucr. 2, 173; Ov. R. Am. 431; v. also familiaris, judiciaria, militaris, navalis, etc., and cf. II. G. infra. —With pronouns or adjectives, as an emphatic periphrase for the neutr.:E.ibi me inclamat Alcumena: jam ea res me horrore afficit,
this now, Plaut. Am. 5, 1, 16; cf.: De. Estne hoc, ut dico? Li. Rectam instas viam:Ea res est,
it is even so, id. As. 1, 1, 40:de fratre confido ita esse ut semper volui. Multa signa sunt ejus rei,
of it, Cic. Att. 1, 10, 5: quos (melittônas) alii melittotropheia appellant, eandem rem quidam mellaria. Varr. R. R. 3, 16, 12:sunt ex te quae scitari volo, Quarum rerum, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 13; cf. Caes. B. G. 3, 4:quibus de rebus quoniam nobis contigit ut aliquid essemus consecuti,
Cic. Rep. 1, 8, 13:quā super re interfectum esse Hippotem dixisti? Pac. ap. Fest. s. v. superescit, p. 244: resciscet Amphitruo rem omnem,
every thing, all, Plaut. Am. 1, 2, 30:nulla res tam delirantes homines concinat cito,
nothing, id. Am. 2, 2, 96; cf.:neque est ulla res, in quā, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12; 1, 5, 9; cf.also: sumptu ne parcas ullā in re, quod ad valetudinem opus sit,
id. Fam. 16, 4, 2:magna res principio statim bello,
a great thing, a great advantage, Liv. 31, 23 fin.:nil admirari prope res est una Solaque, quae, etc.,
the only thing, only means, Hor. Ep. 1, 6, 1 et saep. — Emphatically with sup.:scilicet rerum facta est pulcherrima Roma,
the most beautiful thing in the world, Verg. G. 2, 534; Quint. 1, 12, 16 Spald. p. 81. —Of persons, etc.: est genus hominum, qui esse primos se omnium rerum volunt,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 17:maxime rerum,
Ov. H. 9, 107; cf.:maxima rerum Roma,
Verg. A. 7, 602; Ov. M. 13, 508:fortissima rerum animalia,
id. ib. 12, 502:pulcherrime rerum,
id. H. 4, 125; id. A. A. 1, 213; id. M. 8, 49:dulcissime rerum,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4.—In adverb. phrases:II.e re natā melius fieri haud potuit,
after what has happened, Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 8:pro re natā,
according to circumstances, Cic. Att. 7, 8, 2; 14, 6, 1:pro tempore et pro re,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:factis benignus pro re,
according to circumstances, Liv. 7, 33, 3; Sall. J. 50, 2:pro re pauca loquar,
Verg. A. 4, 337; Lucr. 6, 1280:ex re et ex tempore,
Cic. Fam. 12, 19, 3:e re respondi,
Cat. 10, 8.In partic.A.Pregn., an actual thing, the thing itself, reality, truth, fact; opposed to appearance, mere talk, the mere name of a thing:B.ecastor, re experior, quanti facias uxorem tuam,
Plaut. Am. 1, 3, 10:desiste dictis nunc jam miseram me consolari: Nisi quid re praesidium apparas, etc.,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 21: rem ipsam loqui. Ter. And. 1, 2, 31:rem fabulari,
Plaut. Trin 2, 4, 87:nihil est aliud in re,
in fact, Liv. 10, 8, 11 Weissenb. ad loc.:se ipsa res aperit,
Nep. Paus. 3, 7:ex re decerpere fructus,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 79;opp. verbum, vox, opinio, spes, nomen, etc.: rem opinor spectari oportere, non verba,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; cf.: te rogo, ut rem potiorem oratione ducas, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 5:non modo res omnes, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:qui hos deos non re, sed opinione esse dicunt,
id. N. D. 3, 21, 53:Peripateticos et Academicos nominibus differentes, re congruentes,
id. Ac. 2, 5, 15:quod nos honestum, illi vanum... verbis quam re probabilius vocant,
Quint. 3, 8, 22; Sen. Ep. 120, 9:eum, tametsi verbo non audeat, tamen re ipsā de maleficio suo confiteri,
id. Rosc. Am. 42, 123; cf. Ter. Ad. 4, 7, 15:vides quantum distet argumentatio tua ab re ipsā atque a veritate,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 44. — Hence, abl. sing., often strengthened by verā (sometimes as one word, reverā), in fact, really, in truth, indeed, in reality:haec ille, si verbis non audet, re quidem verā palam loquitur,
Cic. Quint. 17, 56; so,re quidem verā,
id. Clu. 19, 54; id. Sest. 7, 15:re autem verā,
id. Fam. 1, 4, 2;and simply re verā,
id. Quint. 2, 7; id. Div. 2, 54, 110; id. Balb. 3, 7:re verāque,
Lucr. 2, 48; cf.:et re verā,
indeed, in fact, Cic. Fam. 3, 5, 1; Liv. 33, 11, 3; 35, 31, 12; 36, 6, 1; Nep. Ages. 2, 3; id. Phoc. 3, 3; Curt. 3, 13, 5; 4, 16, 19; Val. Max. 9, 13, ext. 1; Just. 5, 1, 8; 12, 13, 10; Plin. Ep. 6, 33, 1.—Effects, substance, property, possessions:2.mihi Chrysalus Perdidit filium, me atque rem omnem Meam,
Plaut. Bacch. 5, 1, 26; cf.: Ph. Habuitne rem? Ly. Habuit. Ph. Qui eam perdidit... Mercaturamne an venales habuit, ubi rem perdidit? id. Trin. 2, 2, 49 sq.:quibus et re salvā et perditā profueram,
Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 27:rem talentum decem,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 46; Juv. 3, 16:avidior ad rem,
Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 51:rem facere,
to make money, Cic. Att. 2, 2, 12:res eos jampridem, fides deficere nuper coepit,
id. Cat. 2, 5, [p. 1576] 10:qui duo patrimonia accepisset remque praeterea bonis et honestis rationibus auxisset,
id. Rab. Post. 14, 38:libertino natum patre et in tenui re,
in narrow circumstances, Hor. Ep. 1, 20, 20 et saep.; v. also familiaris.— In plur.: quantis opibus, quibus de rebus, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 3, 19, 44 (Trag. v. 396 Vahl.):privatae res,
Cic. Att. 9, 7, 5.—Hence, law t. t., whatever may be the subject of a right, whether corporeal or incorporeal (v. Sandars, Introd. to Just. Inst. p. 42 sqq.):C.res corporales,
Just. Inst. 2, 2, 1 sq.; Gai. Inst. 2, 12; Dig. 1, 8, 1:res in patrimonio, res extra patrimonium,
Just. Inst. 2, 1 pr.; Gai. Inst. 2, 1:res sanctae,
Just. Inst. 2, 1, 10; v. also mancipium, privatus, etc.—Benefit, profit, advantage, interest, weal:D.res magis quaeritur, quam, etc.,
Plaut. Men. 4, 2, 6:melius illi consulas quam rei tuae,
id. Cist. 1, 1, 98:haec tuā re feceris,
to your advantage, id. Capt. 2, 2, 46.— Most freq. with the prepositions in, ex, ob, ab, etc.:quasi istic minor mea res agatur quam tua,
is interested, affected, Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 113 (v. ago):si in rem tuam esse videatur,
Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 2:vide si hoc in rem deputas,
id. ib. 3, 3, 19:quod in rem recte conducat tuam,
id. Capt. 2, 3, 26:si in remst utrique,
Ter. And. 3, 3, 14:quid mihi melius est, quid magis in rem est, quam? etc.,
useful, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 1:tamen in rem fore credens universos adpellare,
Sall. C. 20, 1:omnia quae in rem videbantur esse,
Curt. 6, 2, 21:ad conparanda ea quae in rem erant,
Liv. 30, 4, 6:imperat quae in rem sunt,
id. 26, 44, 7; 22, 3, 2:ex tuā re non est, ut ego emoriar,
for your advantage, Plaut. Ps. 1, 3, 102: An. Non pudet Vanitatis? Do. Minime, dum ob rem, to the purpose, with advantage, Ter. Phorm. 3, 2, 41: ob rem facere, usefully, with advantage or profit, Sall. J. 31, 5: subdole blanditur, ab re Consulit blandiloquentulus, contrary to his interest, i. e. to his injury, Plaut. Trin. 2, 1, 12 Brix ad loc.:haud id est ab re aucupis,
id. As. 1, 3, 71:haec haud ab re duxi referre,
Liv. 8, 11, 1:non ab re esse Quinctio visum est interesse, etc.,
id. 35, 32, 6; Plin. 27, 8, 35, § 57; Suet. Aug. 94; Gell. 18, 4, 6; 1, 26, 4; Macr. S. 1, 4, 19.—Cause, reason, ground, account; only in the connection eā (hac) re, and eam ob rem, adverb., therefore, on that account:E.eā re tot res sunt, ubi bene deicias,
Cato, R. R. 158, 2:hac re nequeunt ex omnibus omnia gigni, Quod, etc.,
Lucr. 1, 172; cf.:illud eā re a se esse concessum, quod, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 34, 111:patrem exoravi, tibi ne noceat, neu quid ob eam rem succenseat,
Plaut. Bacch. 4, 4, 39; cf.:quoi rei?
for what purpose? id. As. 3, 2, 43; id. Poen. 2, 3, 3.—Hence (by uniting into one word) the causal adverbs quare and quamobrem, v. h. vv.—An affair, matter of business, business:F.cum et de societate inter se multa communicarent et de totā illā ratione atque re Gallicanā,
Cic. Quint. 4, 15:rem cum aliquo transigere,
id. Clu. 13, 39. —Hence, transf., in gen.: res alicui est cum aliquo,
to have to do with any one, Cic. Rosc. Am. 30, 84; id. Sest. 16, 37; id. Fam. 9, 20, 2; Caes. B. G. 7, 77; cf.:famigeratori res sit cum damno et malo,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 182 Brix ad loc.— Also without a dat.:quoniam cum senatore res est,
Cic. Fam. 13, 26, 3;esp., in mal. part.: rem habere cum aliquo or aliquā,
to have to do with any one, Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 35; id. Merc. 3, 1, 37; Ter. Eun. 1, 2, 39; 58. —Ellipt.:jam biennium est, quom mecum rem coepit,
Plaut. Merc. 3, 1, 15. —A case in law, a lawsuit, cause, suit (more gen. than causa):G.ubi res prolatae sunt,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 1, 10:res agi,
id. Men. 4, 2, 19; id. Aul. 3, 4, 13:quibus res erat in controversiā, ea vocabatur lis,
Varr. L. L. 7, § 93; cf.(prob. in allusion to this legal form): tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum diem tertium an perendinum... rem an litem dici oporteret,
Cic. Mur. 12, 27; cf.also: quarum rerum litium causarum condixit pater patratus, etc., an ancient formula,
Liv. 1, 32:de rebus ab aliquo cognitis judicatisque dicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 48, § 118:pecunias capere ob rem judicandam,
id. Fin. 2, 16, 54:si res certabitur olim,
Hor. S. 2, 5, 27; 1, 10, 15; 1, 9, 41; id. Ep. 1, 16, 43:tractu temporis futurum, ut res pereat,
Dig. 3, 3, 12:rem differre,
ib. 43, 30, 3: res judicata dicitur, quae finem controversiarum pronuntiatione judicis accipit, ib. 42, 1, 1 et saep.—An affair, esp. a battle, campaign, military operations; in phrase rem (or res) gerere:H.res gesta virtute,
Cic. Fin. 5, 23, 66:ut res gesta est ordine narrare,
Ter. Ad. 3, 5, 3:his rebus gestis,
Caes. B. G. 5, 8:res gerere,
Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 33:rem bene gerere,
id. ib. 1, 8, 1; Ter. Ad. 5, 1, 13:comminus rem gerunt,
Caes. B. G. 5, 44:res gestae,
Hor. Ep. 1, 3, 7; 2, 1, 251:adversus duos simul rem gerere,
Liv. 21, 60:rem male gerere,
Nep. Them. 3, 3; Hor. S. 2, 3, 74:in relatione rerum ab Scythis gestarum,
Just. 2, 1, 1; cf.:rem agere,
Hor. S. 1, 9, 4; id. A. P. 82:ante rem,
before the battle, Liv. 4, 40:cum Thebanis sibi rem esse existimant,
Nep. Pel. 1, 3; Cic. Sest. 16, 37.—Acts, events, as the subject of narration, a story, history:K.res in unam sententiam scripta,
Auct. Her. 1, 12, 20:cui lecta potenter erit res,
Hor. A. P. 40; id. S. 1, 10, 57; id. Ep. 1, 19, 29:in medias res auditorem rapere,
id. A. P. 148; 310:agitur res in scaenis,
id. ib. 179; cf.:numeros animosque secutus, non res,
id. Ep. 1, 19, 25; Phaedr. 5, 1, 12:sicut in rebus ejus (Neronis) exposuimus,
Plin. 2, 83, 85, § 199:litterae, quibus non modo res omnis, sed etiam rumores cognoscamus,
Cic. Att. 5, 5, 1:res populi Romani perscribere, Liv. praef. § 1: res Persicae,
history, Nep. Con. 5, 4; id. Cat. 3, 2.—Res publica, also as one word, respublica, the common weal, a commonwealth, state, republic (cf. civitas); also, civil affairs, administration, or power, etc.: qui pro republicā, non pro suā obsonat, Cato ap. Ruf. 18, p. 210; cf.:2.erat tuae virtutis, in minimis tuas res ponere, de re publicā vehementius laborare,
Cic. Fam. 4, 9, 3:dummodo ista privata sit calamitas et a rei publicae periculis sejungatur,
id. Cat. 1, 9; cf.:si re publicā non possis frui, stultum est nolle privatā,
id. Fam. 4, 9, 4:egestates tot egentissimorum hominum nec privatas posse res nec rem publicam sustinere,
id. Att. 9, 7, 5 (v. publicus); Cato ap. Gell. 10, 14, 3: auguratum est, rem Romanam publicam summam fore, Att. ap. Cic. Div. 1, 22, 45:quo utiliores rebus suis publicis essent,
Cic. Off. 1, 44, 155:commutata ratio est rei totius publicae,
id. Att. 1, 8, 4: pro republicā niti, Cato ap. Charis. p. 196 fin.:merere de republicā,
Plaut. Am. prol. 40:de re publicā disputatio... dubitationem ad rem publicam adeundi tollere, etc.,
Cic. Rep. 1, 7, 12:oppugnare rem publicam,
id. Cael. 1, 1; id. Har. Resp. 8, 15; id. Sest. 23, 52:paene victā re publicā,
id. Fam. 12, 13, 1:delere rem publicam,
id. Sest. 15, 33; Lact. 6, 18, 28.—Esp. in the phrase e re publicā, for the good of the State, for the public benefit:senatūs consultis bene et e re publicā factis,
Cic. Phil. 3, 12, 30:ea si dicam non esse e re publicā dividi,
id. Fam. 13, 8, 2; id. Mil. 5, 14; Liv. 8, 4, 12; 25, 7, 4; 34, 34, 9; Suet. Rhet. 1 init. —Post-class. and rare, also ex republicā, Gell. 6, 3, 47; 11, 9, 1;but exque is used for euphony (class.): id eum recte atque ordine exque re publicā fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 3, 15, 38; 5, 13, 36; 10, 11, 26.— In plur.:eae nationes respublicas suas amiserunt, C. Gracch. ap. Fest. s. h. v. p. 286 Müll.: hoc loquor de tribus his generibus rerum publicarum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:circuitus in rebus publicis commutationum,
id. ib. 1, 29, 45 et saep.—Sometimes simply res, the State (in the poets, and since the Aug. per. in prose): unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem, Enn. ap. Cic. Off. 1, 24, 84 (Ann. v. 313 Vahl.):L.hic (Marcellus) rem Romanam sistet,
Verg. A. 6, 858; cf.:nec rem Romanam tam desidem umquam fuisse,
Liv. 21, 16; 1, 28:parva ista non contemnendo majores nostri maximam hanc rem fecerunt,
id. 6, 41 fin.:Romana,
Hor. C. S. 66; id. Ep. 1, 12, 25; Ov. M. 14, 809; Sall. C. 6, 3; cf.:ut paulo ante animum inter Fidenatem Romanamque rem ancipitem gessisti,
Liv. 1, 28 fin.:Albana,
id. 1, 6.— In plur.:res Asiae evertere,
Verg. A. 3, 1:custode rerum Caesare,
Hor. C. 4, 15, 17; cf.:res sine discordiā translatae,
Tac. H. 1, 29; so (also in Cic.), rerum potiri, v. potior. —Res novae, political changes, a revolution, etc.; v. novus. -
14 народ
1) General subject: commonalty (т. е. третье сословие без высших сословий), commonweal, commonwealth, country, crowd, geno, many, mass, nation, nationality, people, race, the general, public, peoplehood, ethnie2) Colloquial: humanity3) Obsolete: folk4) Latin: vulgus, populus (римское право)5) Collective: folks7) Greek: Demos8) Jargon: click9) Business: the public
См. также в других словарях:
Common law offences — are crimes under English criminal law and the related criminal law of Commonwealth of Nations countries. These are offences of the common law which are developed entirely by the courts over the years, and for which there is no actual legislation … Wikipedia
Common Law — Systèmes juridiques (Tous) Common law … Wikipédia en Français
common law — 1. the system of law originating in England, as distinct from the civil or Roman law and the canon or ecclesiastical law. 2. the unwritten law, esp. of England, based on custom or court decision, as distinct from statute law. 3. the law… … Universalium
Common law — For other uses, see Common law (disambiguation). Common law (also known as case law or precedent) is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action. A… … Wikipedia
Common law — Ne doit pas être confondu avec Ius commune. La common law, de l anglo normand « commune ley », est un système bâti essentiellement sur le droit jurisprudentiel par opposition au droit civiliste ou codifié. C est une conception, d… … Wikipédia en Français
common law — Conjunto de normas basado en la costumbre y en los principios generales de derecho y que, incorporado en la jurisprudencia, sirve de precedente o se aplica a situaciones no reguladas por el derecho escrito. De acuerdo con el sistema de common law … Enciclopedia Universal
Mediation (Common law) — Die Mediation als ein strukturiertes Verfahren zur freiwilligen Konfliktregelung hat sich weltweit differenziert entwickelt. Dieser spezielle Artikel behandelt – in Bezug auf Deutschland – die Mediation in Australien und vielen anderen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
commonwealth — com·mon·wealth / kä mən ˌwelth/ n 1: a nation, state, or other political unit: as a: one founded on law and united by compact or tacit agreement by the people for the common good b: one in which supreme authority is vested in the people c … Law dictionary
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Brady — Commonwealth v. Brady, 507 A.2d 66 (Pa. 1986), is a case decided by the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in 1986 which overruled close to two centuries of decisional law in Pennsylvania and established a common law exception to the rule against… … Wikipedia
Law report — Law reports or reporters are series of books which contain judicial opinions from a selection of cases that have been decided by the courts. When a particular judicial opinion is referenced, the law report series in which the opinion is printed… … Wikipedia
Commonwealth v. Pullis — Commonwealth v. Pullis[1] of 1806, was the first reported case arising from a labor strike in the United States. It decided that striking workers were illegal conspirators. Contents 1 Facts 2 Trial … Wikipedia
